We investigate the possibility to study the charmoniumlike state Z c (3900) through the pion-induced production off a nuclear target. By using a high-energy pion beam, the Z c (3900) can be produced off a proton or nucleus though the Primakoff effect. The production amplitude is calculated in an effective Lagrangian approach combined with the vector dominance model. The total cross sections of the p(π − , Z − c (3900)) and p(π − , Z − c (3900) → J/ψπ − ) reactions are calculated, and their order of magnitude is about 0.1 and 0.01nb, respectively, with an assumption of branch ratio 10% for the Z c (3900) decay in J/ψπ channel. If the proton target is replaced by a nuclear target, the production of the Z c (3900) enhances obviously. The predicted total cross sections for the A(π − , Z − c (3900)) and A(π − , Z − c (3900) → J/ψπ − ) reactions with A = 12 C or 208 Pb are on the order of magnitude of 100 and 10 nb, respectively, which is about one thousand times larger than the cross sections off a proton target. Based on these the results, we suggest the experimental study of the Z c (3900) by using high-energy pion beams with a nuclear target at facilities such as COMPASS and J-PARC.The cusp effect from triangle singularity was also adopted to explain the Z c (3900) structure [16].

Endophytic bacteria from halophytes have a wide range of application prospects in various fields, such as plant growth-promoting, biocontrol activity and stress resistance. The current study aimed to identify cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes grown in the salt-affected soil in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and to evaluate their plant beneficial traits and enzyme-producing activity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from Reaumuria soongorica (PalL Maxim.), Artemisia carvifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Hort. Beng.), Peganum harmala L. and Suaeda dendroides (C. A. Mey. Moq.) by using the cultural-dependent method. Then we classified these bacteria based on the difference between their sequences of 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal RNA) gene. Results showed that the isolated bacteria from R. soongorica belonged to the genera Brucella, Bacillus and Variovorax. The bacteria from A. carvifolia belonged to the genera Micromonospora and Brucella. The bacteria from P. harmala belonged to the genera Paramesorhizobium, Bacillus and Peribacillus. The bacteria from S. dendroides belonged to the genus Bacillus. Notably, the genus Bacillus was detected in the three above plants, indicating that Bacillus is a common taxon of endophytic bacteria in halophytes. And, our results found that about 37.50% of the tested strains showed strong protease-producing activity, 6.25% of the tested strains showed strong cellulase-producing activity and 12.50% of the tested strains showed moderate lipase-producing activity. Besides, all isolated strains were positive for IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) production, 31.25% of isolated strains exhibited a moderate phosphate solubilization activity and 50.00% of isolated strains exhibited a weak siderophore production activity. Our findings suggest that halophytes are valuable resources for identifying microbes with the ability to increase host plant growth and health in salt-affected soils.