Deschampsia antarctica Desv. and Poa annua L. are two Poaceae plants with enough endurance to successfully establish populations in the Antarctic region. Their adaptation to the Antarctic environment is closely linked to root-associated microbial communities. In this study, we obtained 16S rRNA sequencing data of the root-associated microbial communities of these two Poaceae plants from NCBI. Meta-analysis was used to investigate the similarities and differences between the root-endosphere and rhizosphere-dwelling microbial communities in these two Poaceae plants. Here we report that two Poaceae-Poaceae plants’ rhizospheric communities were found to be more species diversity than endospheric communities. The species diversity of P. annua was higher than that of D. antarctica in both endosphere and rhizosphere communities. Seven bacterial families form a core microbiome of two Antarctic Poaceae plants’ root endosphere, in which Microbacteriaceae appears to be obligatory root endophytes of the two Antarctic Poaceae plants. The core microbiome of the two Poaceae plants' rhizosphere has six bacterial families. Chitinophagaceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae are most likely to play a crucial role in Poaceae plants' adaptation to cold Antarctic conditions. Sphingobacteriaceae, Caulobacteraceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae have a great influence on two Antarctic Poaceae plants.

The mud shrimp Upogebia major (De Haan, 1841) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Gebiidea) is an important species widely distributed in coastal shallow waters. As an active initiation species, it has contributed signi cantly to the maintenance of coastal benthic biodiversity. However, there is still a lack of effective molecular markers to effectively protect and manage this species. In this study, we used the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit to extract DNA and Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing technology to obtain SNP marker resources. 177 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed and characterized in U. major. The minor allele frequency raged from 0.0500 to 0.5000. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0333 to 0.9000 and from 0.0966 to 0.5085, respectively. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.0905 to 0.3750. The inbreeding coe cient values varied from − 0.2902 to 0.5968. Seventeen loci showed signi cant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). The polymorphic SNPs will be helpful for the further population genetic analysis and natural resource conservation of U. major.

Acanthochitona rubrolineatus (Lischke, 1873) (Polyplacophora, Neoloricata, Cryptoplacidae) is an important species widely distributed in the middle and low tide zone of coastal intertidal zone along the China Sea coast. In recent years, the serious pollution of seawater has caused a sharp decline in the number of wild populations of A. rubrolineatus. Lacking of effective molecular markers limits the effective protection and management of this species. Studies for the isolation and characterization of 135 A. rubrolineatus SNPs markers were carried out. The frequency of minor allele ranges from 0.0125 to 0.5000. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity are 0.0000-0.9750, 0.0731-0.6696, respectively. The inbreeding value varies from -0.2902 to 0.9966. Among them, there are 27 sites markablely differently from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). The study of the polymorphic SNPs will provide a therotical basis for further analysis of population genetic analysis on A. rubrolineatus. Main TextAcanthochitona rubrolineatus belongs to Mollusca, Polyplacophora, which is a special branch in the evolution tree of Mollusca. In the 500 million years, their shape and living habits have not changed markly (Denny M W et al. 2008). Therefore, they have great value in studies of speciation and the evolution (Scherholz M et al. 2013). Now, studies on this species have been focused on its great economical values on new magnetic materials and biopharmaceuticals. According to ancient Chinese medical books, A. rubrolineatus can be used to treat leprosy and tuberculosis. Moreover, their extracts have immunological activity against tumor cells (Zhang L et al. 2005). In addition, the radula teeth of A. rubrolineatus is one of the few structures that can synthesize nano-single-domain magnetic materials in vivo (Qian X. 2018;Fleissner G et al. 2007;Liu C. 2001). However, due to the frequent human activities and ecological environment destruction, the wild resources of A. rubrolineatus are declining sharply in China (Zhuang S et al. 2001). To better protect wild resources, we performed an investigation in the population genetics of A. rubrolineatus.Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the third generation molecular marker, are mainly used to analyze DNA sequence polymorphism caused by genomic nucleotide level mutation (Kaikai et al. 2018). Genetic research based on SNP markers has several advantages, such as high frequency in genome and quickly genotype of many individuals (Schork N et al. 2000).In this study, 40 A. rubrolineatus individuals were collected from Yantai coast, Shandong Province, China (37°27′N/121°30′E). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (QIAGEN, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then RAD library construction, sample indexing and pooling followed for the natural populations (Baird et al. 2008). 287581 putative SNPs were judged from A. rubrolineatus with IIIumina HiSeq 4000 (Shanghai BIOZERON Co., Ltd) performing the paired end (150-bp) sequ...