BackgroundWe performed the first meta-analysis of clinical studies by investigating the effects of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and subjective distress in PTSD patients treated during the past 2 decades.MethodsWe performed a quantitative meta-analysis on the findings of 26 randomized controlled trials of EMDR therapy for PTSD published between 1991 and 2013, which were identified through the ISI Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature electronic databases, among which 22, 20, 16, and 11 of the studies assessed the effects of EMDR on the symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and subjective distress, respectively, as the primary clinical outcome.ResultsThe meta-analysis revealed that the EMDR treatments significantly reduced the symptoms of PTSD (g = −0.662; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.887 to −0.436), depression (g = −0.643; 95% CI: −0.864 to −0.422), anxiety (g = −0.640; 95% CI: −0.890 to −0.390), and subjective distress (g = −0.956; 95% CI: −1.388 to −0.525) in PTSD patients.ConclusionThis study confirmed that EMDR therapy significantly reduces the symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and subjective distress in PTSD patients. The subgroup analysis indicated that a treatment duration of more than 60 min per session was a major contributing factor in the amelioration of anxiety and depression, and that a therapist with experience in conducting PTSD group therapy was a major contributing factor in the reduction of PTSD symptoms.

BackgroundFrom the perspective of disease prevention, the enhancement of cognitive function among the healthy older people has become an important issue in many countries lately. This study aim to investigate the effect of cognitive-based training on the overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function, and visual-spatial ability of the healthy older people.MethodsCochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL of selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and previous systematic reviews were searched for eligible studies. The population focused on this study were healthy older people who participated in randomized controlled trials that investigated the effectiveness of cognitive-based training. The outcomes including change in overall cognitive function, memory, attention, executive function, and visual-spatial ability.ResultsWe collected a total of 31 RCTs, the results showed that cognitive-based training has a moderate effect on overall cognitive function (g = 0.419; 95%CI = 0.205–0.634) and executive function (g = 0.420; 95%CI = 0.239–0.602), and a small effect on the memory (g = 0.354; 95%CI = 0.244–0.465), attention (g = 0.218; 95%CI = 0.125–0.311), and visual-spatial ability (g = 0.183;95%CI = 0.015–0.352) in healthy older people. Subgroup analysis indicated the intervention characteristics of ≧3 times each week (p = 0.042), ≧8 total training weeks (p = 0.003) and ≧24 total training sessions (p = 0.040) yields a greater effect size.ConclusionsCognitive-based training is effective for the healthy older people. This improvement can represent a clinically important benefit, provide information about the use of cognitive-based training in healthy older people, and help the healthy older people obtain the greatest possible benefit in health promotion and disease prevention.

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Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related sclerosing disease is a fibroinflammatory disorder characterized by tumor-forming lesions at multiple anatomic sites and by increased serum levels of IgG4. IgG4-related lymphadenopathy, defined as lymphadenopathy developing in patients with IgG4-related sclerosing disease, is known to manifest in 5 histologic patterns: (1) multicentric Castleman disease-like; (2) reactive follicular hyperplasia; (3) interfollicular plasmacytosis with immunoblasts; (4) progressive transformation of germinal centers-like; and (5) inflammatory pseudotumor-like. Herein, we describe a 37-year-old man with an additional pattern of IgG4-related lymphadenopathy that we designate as infectious mononucleosis-like. This pattern is characterized by effacement of the nodal architecture by an infiltrate composed of numerous mature plasma cells, plasmacytoid cells, large basophilic transformed lymphocytes (immunoblasts), and small-sized to medium-sized lymphocytes and histiocytes. Perivascular fibrosis and karyorrhectic debris with fibrin deposition were also focally identified. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization showed scattered positive small lymphocytes, 1% to 2%. The initial spike of IgG4 in serum (>4400 mg/dL) decreased by half after 1 month of steroid therapy. His condition was stable during 1 year of follow-up. We report this case because the findings expand the morphologic spectrum of IgG4-related lymphadenopathy.