As Sino-African engagement keeps developing, racial relations have emerged to concern people on both sides. The recent Chinese cyber discussions on Africans have shown a blatant racialism against Africans. Comparing this with the campus racism in the 1980s and contextualizing it in China's modern history and, more importantly, China's recent rise as a global power, the article argues that racial discourse has become an important component in Chinese nationalism without public awareness of it.

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Revolutionary movements in China and Cuba gained worldwide attention for their attempts to restructure education in the light of new social values. China's Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) and Cuba's Revolutionary Offensive (1968-1970), while developed separately, experimented with remarkably similar programs of integration of workwith study that largely dismantled the preceding educational systems. Here the authors argue that these communist campaigns also fit within a worldwide postcolonial critique of education seen as privileging urban and elite values. The Chinese and Cuban experiments were abandoned as failures, but the aspiration they expressed still exists and has been echoed in many other places.