A serious epidemic of COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread to other Chinese cities and several countries now. As the majority of patients infected with COVID-19 had chest CT abnormality, chest CT has become an important tool for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and monitoring disease progression. There is growing evidence that children are also susceptible to COVID-19 and have atypical presentations compared with adults. This review is mainly about the differences in clinical symptom spectrum, diagnosis of COVID-19, and CT imaging findings between adults and children, while highlighting the value of radiology in prevention and control of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Key points • Compared with adults, pediatric patients with COVID-19 have the characteristics of lower incidence, slighter clinical symptoms, shorter course of disease, and fewer severe cases. • The chest CT characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric patients were atypical, with more localized GGO extent, lower GGO attenuation, and relatively rare interlobular septal thickening. • Chest CT should be used with more caution in pediatric patients with COVID-19 to protect this vulnerable population from risking radiation.

pharyngeal swab was positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid 2 days after hospitalization.After the patient received 7 days of treatment, combined with interferon inhalation, real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction of the patient's pharyngeal swab became negative for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. At 7 days, chest CT showed decreasing ground-glass opacities (Figure b). At day 13 after admission, the ground-glass opacities in the right lung had resolved; the left ground-glass opacities showed partial resolution (Figure c). CT scans (slice thickness = 1 mm) in a 46-year-old woman with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). (a) Transverse thin-section CT scan obtained at first day after admission shows multiple ground-glass opacities in both lungs. Ground-glass opacities are seen in the superior segment of both lower lobes. (b) Follow-up CT scan obtained on day 7 after admission shows ground-glass opacities are completely resolved in the superior segment of right lower lobe and partly resolved in the superior segment of left lower lobe. (c) Follow-up CT scan obtained at day 13 after admission shows ground-glass opacities are completely resolved in the superior segment of right lower lobe and partly resolved in the superior segment of left lower lobe.A 46-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a 7-day history of fever without chills and rigor, nasal discharge, cough, and myalgia. She had stayed with a friend who had been diagnosed with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia in Wuhan, China, 5 days previously.At presentation, her body temperature was elevated to 38.3°C (100.9°F) with normal pulmonary auscultation. Laboratory studies showed a normal total white blood cell count of 4.2 3 10 9 /L (normal range, 4.0-10.0 3 10 9 /L), and the differential count showed 52.9% neutrophils (normal range, 40.0%-74.0%) and 28.3% lymphocytes (normal range, 18.0%-43.0%). There were elevated blood levels for C-reactive protein (6.4 mg/L; normal range, 0-6 mg/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (27 mm/h; normal range, 0-20 mm/h), and D-dimer (566 ng/mL; normal range, 500 ng/mL).Unenhanced chest CT showed multiple bilateral and peripheral ground-glass opacities (Figure a) in the superior segments of both lower lobes without sparing of subpleural regions (1,2). Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction of the patient's This copy is for personal use only. To order printed copies, contact reprints@rsna.org

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop and has an indeterminate growth habit. Here we resequenced the genomes of the parents and 120 progeny of an F2 population derived from crossing Yuzhi 11 (indeterminate, Dt) and Yuzhi DS899 (determinate, dt1), and constructed an ultra-dense SNP map for sesame comprised of 3,041 bins including 30,193 SNPs in 13 linkage groups (LGs) with an average marker density of 0.10 cM. Results indicated that the same recessive gene controls the determinacy trait in dt1 and a second determinate line, dt2 (08TP092). The QDt1 locus for the determinacy trait was located in the 18.0 cM–19.2 cM interval of LG8. The target SNP, SiDt27-1, and the determinacy gene, DS899s00170.023 (named here as SiDt), were identified in Scaffold 00170 of the Yuzhi 11 reference genome, based on genetic mapping and genomic association analysis. Unlike the G397A SNP change in the dt1 genotype, the SiDt allele in dt2 line was lost from the genome. This example of map-based gene cloning in sesame provides proof-of-concept of the utility of ultra-dense SNP maps for accurate genome research in sesame.

Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) act as Ca2+ sensors to activate specific protein kinases, namely CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). Recent research has demonstrated that the CBL-CIPK complex is not only required for abiotic stress signaling, but is also probably involved in biotic stress perception. However, the role of this complex in immune signaling, including pathogen perception, is unknown. In this study, we isolated one signaling component of the TaCBL-TaCIPK complex (TaCBL4-TaCIPK5) and characterized its role in the interaction between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst, stripe rust fungus). Among all TaCBLs in wheat, TaCBL4 mRNA accumulation markedly increased after infection by Pst. Silencing of TaCBL4 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to avirulent Pst infection. In addition, screening determined that TaCIPK5 physically interacted with TaCBL4 in planta and positively contributed to wheat resistance to Pst. Moreover, the disease resistance phenotype of TaCBL4 and TaCIPK5 co-silenced plants was consistent with that of single-knockdown plants. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly altered in all silenced plants during Pst infection. Together these findings demonstrate that the TaCBL4-TaCIPK5 complex positively modulates wheat resistance in a ROS-dependent manner, and provide new insights into the roles of CBL-CIPK in wheat.

Members of the family of 70-kD heat shock proteins (HSP70 s) play various stress-protective roles in plants. In this study, a wheat HSP70 gene was isolated from a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library of wheat leaves infected by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The gene, that was designated as TaHSC70, was predicted to encode a protein of 690 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 73.54 KDa and a pI of 5.01. Further analysis revealed the presence of a conserved signature that is characteristic for HSP70s and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that TaHSC70 is a homolog of chloroplast HSP70s. TaHSC70 mRNA was present in leaves of both green and etiolated wheat seedlings and in stems and roots. The transcript level in roots was approximately threefold less than in leaves but light-dark treatment did not charge TaHSC70 expression. Following heat shock of wheat seedlings at 40°C, TaHSC70 expression increased in leaves of etiolated seedlings but remained stable at the same level in green seedlings. In addition, TaHSC70 was differentially expressed during an incompatible and compatible interaction with wheat-stripe rust, and there was a transient increase in expression upon treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments had no influence on TaHSC70 expression. These results suggest that TaHSC70 plays a role in stress-related responses, and in defense responses elicited by infection with stripe rust fungus and does so via a JA-dependent signal transduction pathway.