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Adipokines can affect intrauterine development while calf birthweight (CBW) is a breeding standard of calves, which reflects the status of fetal intrauterine development. To explore the correlation between placental adipokines and CBW, 54 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were used in the present study. The cows were grouped according to the CBW of their calves. Placentas were collected immediately after delivery and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the placental expression levels of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and resistin. Our results show that the mRNA transcription and blood placental content of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and resistin increased with increasing CBW. The analysis showed that the mRNA transcription levels of placental adiponectin, leptin and resistin were positively correlated with CBW. The mRNA and protein expression levels of adiponectin, leptin and visfatin between the three groups were significantly correlated. Placental resistin mRNA levels correlated positively with adiponectin mRNA, but not leptin or visfatin. The protein expression levels of resistin were significantly positively correlated with those of adiponectin, leptin and visfatin. These results suggest that placental adipokines play important roles in regulating calf intrauterine growth.

Serum adipokines may playing different roles between in type I and II ketosis ABSTRACT Objective: Investigate the differences in several serum adipokines in in perinatal dairy cows with type I and II ketosisperinatal dairy cows between type I ketosis and II ketosis, and the correlations between these adipokines and the two types of ketosis of ketosis. Methods: Serum adiponectin (ADP), leptin (LEP), resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, also and energy balance indicators related to ketosis were testedmeasured. Distinguish type Type I and II of ketosis were distinguished by serum Glucose (Glu) and Y values and analyzed the correlations between adipokines in the two types of ketosis of ketosiswere analyzed. Results: β-hydroxybutyric acidBHBA of type I ketosis cows was significantly negatively correlated with Insulin (INS) and LEP, and had a significant positive correlation with serum ADP. In type II ketosis cows, ADP and LEP were significantly negatively correlated; , and INS and resistin in type II ketosis cows were significantly positively correlated.; revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI) values had a significantly positive correlation with ADP, and had a very significant and significant negative correlation with resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6. ADP was significantly negatively correlated with resistin and TNF-α; , LEP had a significantly positive correlation with TNF-α, and; a significantly positive correlation was shown among resistin, IL-6, and TNF-α.; there There was also a significant positive correlation between IL-6 and TNF-α. A c c e p t e d A r t i c l e Conclusion: Above results indicated that INS, ADP, and LEP may might exert biological effects influences to help the body recover from negative energy balanceNEB;, while whereas resistin, TNF-α, and IL-6 in type II ketosis cows exacerbated insulin resistanceIR and inhibited the production and secretion of ADP, weakened the INS sensitivity, and liver protection function, and aggravates aggravated the ketosis.

Due to their unique multi-gastric digestion system highly adapted for rumination, dairy livestock has complicated physiology different from monogastric animals. However, the microbiome-based mechanism of the digestion system is congenial for biology approaches. Different omics and their integration have been widely applied in the dairy sciences since the previous decade for investigating their physiology, pathology, and the development of feed and management protocols. The rumen microbiome can digest dietary components into utilizable sugars, proteins, and volatile fatty acids, contributing to the energy intake and feed efficiency of dairy animals, which has become one target of the basis for omics applications in dairy science. Rumen, liver, and mammary gland are also frequently targeted in omics because of their crucial impact on dairy animals’ energy metabolism, production performance, and health status. The application of omics has made outstanding contributions to a more profound understanding of the physiology, etiology, and optimizing the management strategy of dairy animals, while the multi-omics method could draw information of different levels and organs together, providing an unprecedented broad scope on traits of dairy animals. This article reviewed recent omics and multi-omics researches on physiology, feeding, and pathology on dairy animals and also performed the potential of multi-omics on systematic dairy research.