The balanced allocation of medical and health resources is an important basis for the sustainable development of health undertakings. In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in the medical and health services, but there is still a phenomenon of unbalanced allocation of medical and health resources among different regions, which has become an urgent problem to be solved in deepening the reform of the medical and health system during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. From the perspective of people’s needs for health, this study analyzed the equity and efficiency of urban medical and health resources allocation in China by using the Theil index method and DEA method. Meanwhile, the authors used the coupling coordination degree model to construct a balanced development model with equity and efficiency as subsystems, taking the city of Nanjing as an example to analyze its balanced allocation of medical and health resources from 2008 to 2019. In general, taking Nanjing as an example, it shows that the balanced allocation of medical and health resources in Chinese cities is good, but in geographical dimension, the level of balanced allocation is low, and there are still significant differences in the equity and efficiency of allocation among regions. In the future, the government can strengthen the rationality of regional planning, appropriately increasing health investment and medical supply, considering both equity and efficiency to further realize the balanced allocation of medical and health resources and improve the sustainability of urban medical service system. The main contribution of this paper lies in that, from the perspective of sustainable development, the evaluation system is integrated to measure the equity and efficiency respectively, and the balanced development model is used to investigate the allocation of urban medical and health resources. The research results can provide reference for optimizing resources allocation and promoting the sustainable development of medical and health undertakings.

The uneven distribution of medical and health resources leads to changes in the choice of patients for medical treatment, which is the key to restrict the reform of medical services in China currently. Taking service accessibility and residents' cognition as the starting point, this study utilized the data from the questionnaire and applied logistic regression and mediation test. By taking service accessibility as an explanatory variable and residents' cognition as an intermediary variable, the study examined the differences between residents' choice of medical treatment at the primary and non-primary levels. Thus, the influencing factors of residents' choice of medical treatment at the primary level were explored. The research statistics came from questionnaires of 1,589 residents in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The results showed that service accessibility and residents' cognition were significantly correlated with the residents' choice of primary medical treatment. Household registration, age, the signing situation with family doctors, hospital service fees, and distance to the hospital were positively related to residents' choice of primary medical treatment; while the reputation, scale, residents' income, and the reimbursement ratio of residents' medical insurance were negatively correlated with the choice. In addition, residents' cognition played an intermediary effect between service accessibility and the residents' choice of primary medical treatment. The signing situation with family doctors indirectly affected the choice of primary medical treatment through residents' cognition, and residents' cognition masked some negative influence of the reimbursement ratio of residents' medical insurance on the choice of primary medical treatment.

China has established a comprehensive primary medical health service system, but the development of primary medical health services in the central and western regions is still unbalanced and insufficient. Based on data from 2010 to 2019, this paper constructs a super efficiency Slack-Based Measure model to calculate the supply efficiency of primary medical health services in 20 provinces and cities in central and western China. Using Kernel density estimation and Markov chain analysis, this paper further analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of the supply efficiency of primary medical health services in central and western China, and also predicts the future development distribution through the limiting distribution of Markov chain to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the sinking of high-quality medical resources to the primary level. The results show that firstly, during the observation period, the center of the Kernel density curve moves to the left, and the main peak value decreases continuously. The main diagonal elements of the traditional Markov transition probability matrix are 0.7872, 0.5172, 0.8353, and 0.7368 respectively, which are significantly larger than other elements. Secondly, when adjacent to low state and high state, it will develop into convergence distributions of 0.7251 and 0.8243. The supply efficiency of primary medical health services in central and western China has the characteristics of high (Ningxia) and low (Shaanxi) aggregation respectively, but the aggregation trend is weakened. Thirdly, the supply efficiency of health services has the stability of keeping its own state unchanged, but the transition of state can still occur. The long-term development of the current trend cannot break the distribution characteristics of the high and low clusters, the efficiency will show a downward trend in the next 10–20 years, and still the problem of uneven long-term development emerges.

This study aims to explore the promoting impact of green innovation on the fusion of industry and talent (FIT). The primary objectives of the study also include showing how FIT affects the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China and evaluating the development status of three subsystems: the pharmaceutical industry, talent support, and green innovation. In this study, an index system comprising 28 indicators is established to characterize the three subsystems, based on which a comprehensive evaluation model is used to assess the development of each subsystem. A fusion model is used to explore the current status of FIT and the role that green innovation plays in this, based on panel data obtained for 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019. The results suggest that: (1) the three subsystems in the Belt have all maintained growth, though the development score for the pharmaceutical industry fluctuated greatly and has been somewhat unstable, while growth trends for talent support and green innovation have been stable; (2) the extent of FIT is low, with nearly half of the provinces and cities lacking organization, with a typical spatial pattern of higher levels in the downstream region and lower levels in the upstream region. The downstream region has obvious advantages in the degree of FIT, while the upstream region has a more optimistic growth trend; and (3) green innovation stimulated the development of FIT in the Belt, with a “strong and stronger” trend depending on the foundation of FIT. To promote FIT, the government should (1) focus on enhancing the development and efficiency of green innovation to help promote FIT; (2) promote the stable and sustainable growth of the pharmaceutical industry as well as talent’s support to consolidate the foundation of fusion; and (3) implement regional coordinated development and interaction policies to narrow the regional gap.