Nano-kirigami-based deformable metasurfaces offer unique advantages in the dynamic modulation of optical fields and the realization of reconfigurable micro-/nano-optoelectronic devices. Here, we theoretically propose and numerically demonstrate a magnetically actuated deformation scheme for 2D nano-kirigami structures, which can be accurately and continuously transformed from 2D to 3D. Based on the traditional pinwheel structure, an Fe/Au bilayer anti-pinwheel nanostructure is designed and dynamically transformed by employing magnetic attraction in numerical simulations, in which the ratio between deformation height and lateral period could reach up to 0.563. More importantly, it is found that the anti-pinwheel structure has superior circular dichroism (CD), whose maximum CD response could reach 7 times that of the corresponding pinwheel structure. Further analysis of the scattering power of multipole moments reveals that such a superior CD response is found to be induced by the handedness-dependent excitation of a toroidal dipole moment. Such a straightforward magnetically actuated deformation and novel anti-pinwheel structure provides useful methodologies to explore and realize deformable metamaterials and their dynamic regulation capabilities, as well as applications in chiral spectroscopy, optical reconfiguration, optical sensing, etc.

Wetlands are often referred to as the Earth’s kidneys. However, wetlands worldwide are still negatively affected due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of wetland landscape ecological health (WLEH). Based on this background, we analyzed and compared the conceptual definitions, research progress, contents (in terms of structural, functional, and process health), and methods (indicator species approach, ecological integrity assessment, conceptual model evaluation including the vigor–organization–resilience (VOR), pressure–state–response (PSR), and ecological feature–function–socioeconomic (EFFS) models, and water–gas CO2 calculation) over the past 20 years (2000–2022). Moreover, the concept definition and research progress of ecosystem health (EH) and landscape ecological health (LEH) and WLEH research outlook were analyzed. In this study, it was shown that WLEH could be considered a LEH subset, while the LEH is a specific EH perspective. These three concepts share a common focus on ecosystem conditions, functions, and services while considering ecological processes and habitat characteristics. However, they differ in the scope and specific types of ecosystems considered. This review may provide references for ecological conservation and restoration of artificial and restored wetland landscapes.