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Background Weight loss (WL) has been associated with shorter survival in patients with advanced cancer, while obesity has been associated with longer survival. Integrating body mass index (BMI) and WL provides a powerful prognostic tool but has not been well‐studied in lung cancer patients, particularly in the setting of clinical trials. Methods We analysed patient data (n = 10 128) from 63 National Cancer Institute sponsored advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) trials. Risk matrices were created using BMI and WL percentage, which were divided into ‘grades’ based on median survival. Relationships between survival, BMI and WL percentage were examined using Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards (PH) models with restricted cubic splines. Results For NSCLC, a twofold difference was noted in median survival between the BMI > 28 and WL ≤ 5% group (13.5 months) compared with the BMI < 20 and WL > 5% group (6.6 months). These associations were less pronounced in SCLC. Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant survival differences between grades for both NSCLC and SCLC (log‐rank, P < 0.0001). In Stage IV NSCLC, Cox PH analyses with restricted cubic splines demonstrated significant associations between BMI and survival in both WL ≤ 5% (P = 0.0004) and >5% (P = 0.0129) groups, as well as in WL > 5% in Stage III (P = 0.0306). In SCLC, these relationships were more complex. Conclusions BMI and WL have strong associations with overall survival in patients with advanced lung cancer, with a greater impact seen in NSCLC compared with SCLC. The integration of a BMI/WL grading scale may provide additional prognostic information and should be included in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in future clinical trials in advanced lung cancer.

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The interaction between vertical offshore wind turbine (OWT) and sea ice with fluid is a complex process including local and global crushing of ice fragments and vibration of OWT. It is crucial to study the ice resistance of OWT structures considering the fluid-structure interaction (FSI). This article investigates a complete process of dynamic sea ice-monopile OWT interaction considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) and FSI effects. A fully coupled dynamic collision model of sea ice and OWT incorporating with the explicit non-linear collision tool ANSYS/LS-DYNA is proposed. The simulated ice loads in this study is verified by different simulation methods and international static ice force standards closely related to ice dynamic characteristic parameters. Then, the dynamic response and damage of the OWT structure during ice-structure interaction are studied using the fully interaction model with FSI coupling. The simulated ice force can produce a significant vibration response in the structure coupling with FSI due to occurrence of ice-induced resonance in the ice velocity range of 2.5–3.5 cm/s. Finally, the effect of fluid on the sea ice-OWT interaction in the initial velocity collision of sea ice is analyzed. FSI coupling can cause a certain level of collision hysteresis, accelerate the failure of sea ice breaking and reasonably reduce the energy of the structure.