With the economic development of various countries and the deepening of population aging, health plays an increasingly important role in the macro-economy. How to meet the growing health needs as well as promote the economy has captured the attention of the world. Therefore, whether health investment can promote economic growth is an important theoretical and practical issue. An extended Mankiw–Romer–Weil model (MRW) with human health capital and population aging is employed to examine the impact on economic growth from population aging and health investment. On the basis of the theoretical model, this paper uses the LSDV and TSLS methods to carry out an empirical study based on cross-country panel data during the period 2000–2016. The empirical results show that health investment plays a significant role in promoting economic growth, and there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between population aging and economic growth. The impacts on economic growth from health investment and population aging can weaken each other. In addition, this paper also finds that health investment structure and the proportion of government health investment to total government spending can affect economic growth.

Background The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and tolerability of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The meta-analysis searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane libraries from inception to February 2020 to identify relevant studies. And the main results of this study were long-term prognosis and treatment-related adverse events. Results The results showed that the addition of PARP inhibitors could significantly prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with ovarian cancer (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34–0.53, p < 0.001; HR, 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.94, p < 0.001, respectively). In the BRCA 1/2 mutation patients, the HR of PFS was 0.29 (p < 0.001), and the HR was 0.51 (p < 0.001) in the no BRCA 1/2 mutation patients. The HR of PFS was 0.40 (p < 0.001) in the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) mutation patients, while the HR was 0.80 (p < 0.001) in the no HRD mutation patients. Moreover, the analysis found that the use of PARP inhibitors did not significantly increase the risk of all grade adverse events (AEs) (RR = 1.04, p = 0.16). But the incidence of grade 3 or higher AEs was increased (RR = 1.87, p = 0.002). In general, the AEs were mainly manifested in the blood system. Conclusions PARP inhibitors can improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients with and without genetic mutations (BRCA 1/2 or HRD). Furthermore, PARP inhibitors were tolerable to patients when added to their current therapy, although it inevitably adds the grade 3 and higher AEs.

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Recent studies suggest that children born via cesarean section (CS) are predisposed to immune‐mediated diseases later in life. The association between CS and childhood leukemia was investigated in this meta‐analysis of observational studies. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for literature on the association between CS and childhood leukemia before February 2022. And pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the link between CS and childhood leukemia. The preliminary search resulted in 1321 articles and 16 articles were finally included after screening. The primary outcome was the risk of leukemia in children born via CS versus those born vaginally. The results revealed that having a CS was associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia compared to having vaginal section (VS) (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, p = 0.01), especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03–1.16, p = 0.004). Children delivered via elective CS had a higher risk of ALL (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31, p = 0.001), but emergency CS did not. It is worth noting that neither emergency CS nor elective CS were found to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Compared to VS, CS increased the risk of leukemia in children, with elective CS significantly increasing ALL risk.