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Departmental sources Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide and majority of these deaths result from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary objective of this research was to determine the anticancer potential of carnosic acid, a plant derived abietane diterpene, against human lung cancer cells, as well as to determine its effects on cell migration and invasion, apoptosis, and the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway. Material/Methods: Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay; fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide stain and Comet assay were used to study cellular apoptosis. In vitro wound healing assay was used to study effects on cell migration; Transwell assay was used to study cell invasion after drug treatment. Western blot assay was used to study effects of carnosic acid on the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway. Results: It was shown that carnosic acid could inhibit the growth of A-549 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells dose-dependently showing an IC 50 value of 12.5 μM. This growth inhibition of A-549 cells was mediated via apoptotic cell death as observed by fluorescence microscopy showing nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Carnosic acid, dose-dependently, also inhibited cell migration and invasion. Finally, western blot assay revealed that carnosic acid also led to inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results showed that Carnosic acid has the potential to inhibit cancer cell growth in A-549 lung cancer cells by activating apoptotic death, inhibiting cell migration and invasion and suppressing PI3K/AKT/m-TOR signaling pathway.

An experimental study on the characteristics of molten drop and flame spread of metal polyethylene (PE) cladding panel is presented. The parameters investigated include mass loss rate, the mass of the melting part and the average flame height. The effects of fire source power on the flame spread and melt drop are studied. The results show that the sandwich panel combustion can be divided into the surface of the sandwich panel and the dripping combustion. With the increase of power,the time interval between melting drops becomes smaller and the flame pulsation frequency increases. which causes the temperature change range getting larger, the mass loss rate and mass of the melting part and the average flame height increase under all conditions. The mass loss rate and the area of combustion of the metal sandwich panel depend on the degree of surface burning. There is a certain relationship between oil pool fire average flame height, and the distance between sample and the oil pan(D). It is found that when D ≤ 1.4m, with the rise of D. oil pool fire average flame height decreases. However, when D ≥ 1.4m, the fire flame intensity of the oil pool is determined by the number of extinguished droplets before the drops hit the oil pan, and the flame parameters of the oil pool are basically stable. The influence mechanism and law of oil pool fire burning of PE metal sandwich panel insulation materials are revealed.

An experimental study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the flame spread and droplets of metal-polyethylene (PE) sandwich panels during combustion. The mass-loss rate, average flame height, temperature, and fire spread rate were investigated. The results showed that the fire spread rate, mass change of the droplets, average flame height, and temperature increased with an increase in the sample length, except for the mass loss rate of the 40 cm-long sample. The time interval between the droplets decreased, and the flame pulsation frequency increased. The relationship between the flame height and sample length was determined. During the combustion process, bending deformation and top flame phenomena occurred due to the shrinkage of the PE, which increased the fire risk. The distance between the outer surface of the expanded metal aluminum layer and the insulation panel increased with an increase in the panel length. A schematic diagram of the fire spread of the metal sandwich panel was established based on the observations and theoretical analysis. The mechanism and combustion behavior of the metal sandwich panels were determined to provide references for the construction of metal sandwich panels of exterior walls.