This paper investigates manufacturer encroachment on a green supply chain wherein alternative environmental labels are utilized to disclose the hidden product greenness attribute. We show that both self‐ and government labels facilitate and adjust the promotion effect of encroachment on product greenness, stimulating green demand and retail prices for profitability improvement and raising wholesale prices for investment sharing. The difference is that self‐labeling's low credibility and complete self‐interest features only induce inferior greenness increments and coordination effects. Government labeling outperforms self‐labeling in simultaneously optimizing the interests of the manufacturer, retailer, and society, presuming the benefits of greenness improvement reimburse investments.

Renewable energy development is a long-term means of addressing the climate challenge and achieving environmental sustainability. This study examines the relationship between environmental decentralization, local government competition, and renewable energy production using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2021. The empirical results show that environmental decentralization significantly inhibits renewable energy development, indicating a lack of foresight among local governments in environmental governance issues. In addition, local government competition amplifies the detrimental effects of environmental decentralization on renewable energy production. Although the decentralization of environmental administrative power hinders renewable energy production, the decentralization of environmental monitoring power promotes it. However, insufficient evidence is available to conclude that regional characteristics and threshold variables can alter the inhibitory effect of environmental decentralization on renewable energy production, even though the effects of environmental decentralization on the production of renewable energy exhibit geographical variation and non-linear characteristics. The findings of this study contribute to optimizing environmental policies to motivate local governments to pursue long-term environmental governance goals.

Based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2000 to 2020, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of local fiscal decentralization on the return rate of China’s real economy from two dimensions, that is, income decentralization and expenditure decentralization. It is found that income decentralization and expenditure decentralization can improve the overall real economic return rate with heterogeneity in different regions. The empirical results in the central region are consistent with the core conclusions, and the regression results of expenditure decentralization in the eastern and western regions are significant, while income decentralization is not significant. With industrial structure affecting the role of fiscal decentralization, the more advanced the industrial structure, the greater role of fiscal decentralization in promoting the return rate of the real economy.