Figure 1: (a). Structure of DragTapVib; (b). DragTapVib is a flexible and wearable actuator that renders three haptic stimuli; (c) and (d). DragTapVib can be worn on different body locations.

The indoor-outdoor (IO) status of mobile devices is fundamental information for various smart city applications. In this paper, we present NeuralIO, a neural-network-based method for dealing with the IO detection problem for smartphones. Multimodal data from various sensors on a smartphone are fused through neural network models to determine the IO status. A data set containing more than one million labeled samples is then constructed. We test the performance of an early fusion scheme in various settings. NeuralIO achieves an accuracy above 98% in 10-fold cross-validation and an accuracy above 90% in a real-world test.

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With the development of mobile positioning technology, a large number of Origin-Destination (OD) flow data with spatial and temporal details have been produced. These OD flow could give us a great opportunity to research geographical phenomena such as spatial interaction and mobility patterns. The OD flow clustering approach is an effective way to explore the main mobility patterns of the objects. At the same time, similarity measurement plays a key role in OD flow clustering. However, most of the previous OD flow similarity measurement methods failed to make full use of the spatial information of the flow including spatial proximity and geometric similarity. In this paper, we considered both position information and geometric properties of OD flow and propose a new method to measure the spatial similarity between OD flows. Specifically, the proposed method sets the neighbor threshold with the length of OD flows and the parameter dynamically. Based on the constraint of the OD points' location, the directions of the flows are implicitly restricted. The sole-parameter has a practical value as it determines the maximum length difference and the maximum directional difference that can be tolerated between similar flows. The proposed method passed a simulation experiment with synthetic flows and a case study with 283,008 taxi trips in Beijing in one day. The results show that the proposed method can discover the dominant mobility pattern from a large number of flow data effectively. In the case study, the dominant flow clusters reveal the taxi mobility patterns of residents at different distances in Beijing. INDEX TERMS Mobility pattern, origin-destination flow, spatial similarity, spatial clustering.