To characterise the clinical features and to discover predictive factors of adult males with nocturnal enuresis (NE). Patients and Methods A total of 43 eligible adult male patients (mean age was 57.8 years) were recruited prospectively over a 2-year period. After documentation of medical history, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-male LUTS (ICIQ-MLUTS), and a 3-day ICIQ-bladder diary (ICIQ-BD). Videourodynamic studies (VUDS) were conducted conforming to the International Continence Society standards. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were performed to determine potential predictive factors. Results Patients with NE had a variety of LUTS and had a high incidence of obesity and comorbidities. On the ICIQ-BD, NE was associated with nocturnal polyuria (NP), reduced nocturnal bladder capacity (NBC), or a combination of both. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients with more frequent NE had: higher body mass index (BMI); more comorbidities; reduced daytime urinary frequency and urgency quality of life (QoL) sub-scores; and increased stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and nocturnal bedwetting sub-scores. Patients with reduced NBC only, had fewer NE episodes, while patients with NP, or with both NP and reduced NBC were more likely have frequent NE. Multivariate analysis confirmed that: BMI; neurogenic causes; sub-scores of SUI QoL and bedwetting domain; the presence of reduced NBC, and both NP and reduced NBC; and bladder outlet obstruction, were all independent predictive factors for the severity of NE. Conclusions NE n the adult male should be systemically assessed and treated, as obesity, neurogenic disorders, excessive urine production, bladder storage and emptying dysfunctions are risk factors. Bladder diaries and VUDS provide valuable information on potential pathophysiological causes, which could assist clinical evaluation and selection of focussed treatment.

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The non-local feature of topological states of matter is the key for the topological protection of quantum information and enables robust non-local manipulation in quantum information. Here we propose to manifest the non-local feature of a Majorana-hosted superconducting island by measuring the temperature dependence of Coulomb blockade peak conductance in different regimes. In the low-temperature regime, we discover a coherent double Majorana-assisted teleportation (MT) process, where any independent tunneling process always involves two coherent non-local MTs; and we also find an anomalous universal scaling behavior, i.e., a crossover from a $${[\max (T,eV)]}^{6}$$ [ max ( T , e V ) ] 6 power-law to a $${[\max (T,eV)]}^{3}$$ [ max ( T , e V ) ] 3 power-law conductance behavior when energy scale increases — in stark contrast to the usual exponential suppression due to certain local transport. In the high-temperature regime, the conductance is instead proportional to the temperature inverse, indicating a non-monotonic temperature-dependence of the conductance. Both the anomalous power law and non-monotonic temperature-dependence of the conductance can be distinguished from the conductance peak in the traditional Coulomb block, and therefore, together serve as a hallmark for the non-local feature in the Majorana-hosted superconducting island.