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The superstructure composed of various functional building units is promising nanostructure for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) anodes with extreme volume change and structure instability, such as silicon-based materials. Here, a top-down route to fabricate Si/SiO 2 @graphene superstructure is demonstrated through reducing silicalite-1 with magnesium reduction and depositing carbon layers. The successful formation of superstructure lies on the strong 3D network formed by the bridged-SiO 2 matrix coated around silicon nanoparticles. Furthermore, the mesoporous Si/SiO 2 with amorphous bridged SiO 2 facilitates the deposition of graphene layers, resulting in excellent structural stability and high ion/electron transport rate. The optimized Si/SiO 2 @graphene superstructure anode delivers an outstanding cycling life for ≈1180 mAh g −1 at 2 A g −1 over 500 cycles, excellent rate capability for ≈908 mAh g −1 at 12 A g −1 , great areal capacity for ≈7 mAh cm −2 at 0.5 mA cm −2 , and extraordinary mechanical stability. A full cell test using LiFePO 4 as the cathode manifests a high capacity of 134 mAh g −1 after 290 loops. More notably, a series of technologies disclose that the Si/SiO 2 @graphene superstructure electrode can effectively maintain the film between electrode and electrolyte in LIBs. This design of Si/SiO 2 @graphene superstructure elucidates a promising potential for commercial application in high-performance LIBs.

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NC@Co-HPNC has been synthesized and exhibits superior ORR/OER performance in acid/base solution. Hence, acid-base dual electrolyte based Zn–air batteries using NC@Co-HPNC reveal long cycling life and super-high voltage (2.1V).

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