As a newly emerging treatment strategy for many diseases, hydrogen therapy has attracted a lot of attention because of its excellent biosafety. However, the high diffusivity and low solubility of hydrogen make it difficult to accumulate in local lesions. Herein, we develop a H 2 self-generation nanoplatform by in situ water splitting driven by near-infrared (NIR) laser. In this work, core− shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) of NaGdF 4 :Yb,Tm/g-C 3 N 4 /Cu 3 P (UCC) nanocomposites as core encapsulated with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) modified with folic acid as shell are designed and synthesized. Due to the acidresponsive ZIF-8 shell, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, CSNPs are selectively captured by tumor cells. Upon 980 nm laser irradiation, CSNPs exhibit a high production capacity of H 2 and active oxygen species (ROS), as well as an appropriate photothermal conversion temperature. Furthermore, rising temperature increases the Fenton reaction rate of Cu(I) with H 2 O 2 and strengthens the curative effect of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The excess glutathione (GSH) in tumor microenvironment (TME) can deplete positive holes produced in the valence band of g-C 3 N 4 in the g-C 3 N 4 /Cu 3 P Z-scheme heterojunction. GSH also can reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I), ensuring a continuous Fenton reaction. Thus, a NIR-driven H 2 production nanoplatform is constructed for H 2 -mediated cascade-amplifying multimodal synergetic therapy.

Secretory carcinoma of the breast (SCB) is a rather rare entity of invasive breast cancer, the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes remain to be elaborated. A retrospective review was conducted in SEER database. A total of 190 SCB patients identified in SEER were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 56 years (range 2–96 years). Both sexes and bilateral breast could be affected. Intriguingly, the incidence of SCB tended towards to decreasing in recent decades. Small tumor burden was observed with a mean tumor size of 2.13 cm. In a subgroup with sufficient details, positive staining of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was 58% and 40%, respectively. The vast majority of patients were of well to moderate differentiation (86.86%) and negative regional lymph nodes involvement (70.71%). Nearly half of the patients took radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Seniors were inclined to have an inferior breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) than their younger counterparts (P = 0.018). Patients underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy had much better BCSS than its mastectomy counterparts (P = 0.014). Collectively, SCB is a clinical indolent invasive breast cancer with excellent prognosis. BCS in conjunction with radiotherapy would be a rational alternative for this distinct entity.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a promising noninvasive tumor treatment strategy, is limited by poor biocompatibility, high cost, and complicated synthesis procedures of rare-earth up-conversion materials. Herein, natural melanin particles (MNPs), excellent photothermal therapy (PTT) materials, were found to significantly promote production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 808 nm irradiation when cross-linked with C60, whereas synthetic polydopamine had no such property. On the basis of this special character of MNP, MNP-C60-hyaluronic acid (MC60H) nanoparticles, independent of rare-earth up-conversion materials, were prepared for multimodal attack toward a tumor under 808 nm irradiation. After targeting recognition by hyaluronic acid (HA), MC60H could not only efficiently promote temperature rise and the production ROS in tumor but also activate the prominent immunotherapy and help tumor immunosuppressed M2-type macrophages transformed into antitumor M1-type. Under the premise of high biosecurity and simple preparing strategy, the versatile nanoparticle material, MC60H, is utilized for collaborative PTT, PDT, and immunotherapy under NIR excitation without participation of any rare-earth elements. The character of promoting ROS production of C60 by MNP, which is a natural biomaterial, is first reported in this paper, which provides a good demonstration of MC60H in application of a synergistic antitumor strategy without the dependence of traditional up-conversion material.

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