Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, is the major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Circ_0000615 was found to be elevated in retina samples of diabetic patients. Hence, the detailed effects and molecular mechanisms of circ_0000615 in DN progression were explored. Methods: The levels of circ_0000615, microRNA (miR)-646 and YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined using cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, caspase3 activity analysis, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, respectively. The binding interaction between miR-646 and circ_0000615 or YAP1 was determined using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull-down assays. Results: Circ_0000615 was elevated in high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal pigment epithelium (HRPE) cells. Knockdown of circ_0000615 attenuated HG-triggered HRPE cell apoptosis, inflammation, and ROS generation. Mechanistically, miR-646 was confirmed to be a target of circ_0000615, inhibition of miR-646 reversed the protective effects of circ_0000615 knockdown on HG-evoked HRPE cell dysfunction. MiR-646 was verified to target YAP1, overexpression of YAP1 abolished the impairment induced by miR-646 on HG-induced HRPE cell damage. Besides that, we confirmed that circ_0000615 could regulate YAP1 expression via miR-646. Conclusion: Circ_0000615 contributed to HG-induced HRPE cell dysfunction via miR-646/YAP1 axis, suggesting a novel insight into the pathogenesis of DR and a potential candidate for DR treatment.
Five imidazole/benzimidazole-based metal complexes, Cd(bim) 2 (L1) 2 (1) [L1 = 2-methyl-2-phenoxypropionate, bim = benzimidazole], Zn(im) 2 (L2) 2 (2) [L2 = 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, im = imidazole], Zn(im) 2 (L3) 2 (3) [L3 = 3,4-(methylenedioxy)benzoate], [Cd(im) 2 (L3) 2 ] 2 ·4H 2 O (4) , and Cd(Bim) 2 (L4)·CH 3 CH 2 OH·H 2 O (5) (L4 = 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate), were obtained by the introduction of the carboxylates as coligands and are structurally characterized by different techniques including elemental analysis, IR spectra, TG, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray crystal structure analyses reveal that these complexes display mononuclear to dinuclear structures with tetrahedral coordination spheres around each central zinc atom, and octahedral coordination sphere around each central * Dr. S. Jin Fax: +86-571-6374-6755 E-Mail: Jinsw@zafu.edu.cn [a] Tianmu College 1717 cadmium atom. The imidazole ligands in all compounds are coordinated only in a monodentate fashion with their neutral nitrogen groups.The carboxylates coordinate to the metal in monodentate, chelating bidentate, and bridging bidentate fashions. The N-H···O hydrogen bonds from the NH donor of the neutral imidazole were found in all compounds. On the basis of X-ray crystallographic study the rich intraand intermolecular noncovalent interactions (including classical hydrogen bonds, C-H···O, CH 2 ···O, CH 3 ···O, CH 2 -N, C-H···π, CH 3 -π, O-H···π, and π-π interactions) are analyzed. The various nonbonding interactions in these compounds are responsible for different structures such as 3D network, 3D prismatic layer network, and 3D layer network structure. metric and asymmetric chelating, and bidentate and monodentate bridging. [10] Imidazole is also one of the most important ligands. [11][12][13][14][15] It can behave like a monodentate ligand as well as a bridging ligand. [16,17] But the complexes in the presence of carboxylic acids and imidazole derivatives have not been well studied to date. [18][19][20] As an extension of our study of mixed-ligand coordination compounds based on imidazole and carboxylate, [21] herein we report the preparation and structure of five coordination compounds by reacting the acetate salts of Zn/Cd, carboxylic acid, and imidazole/benzimidazole (Scheme 1). Their structures are fully characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, TG, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Experimental Section Materials and Physical MeasurementsThe chemicals and solvents used in this work were of analytical grade and available commercially and were used without further purification. The FT-IR spectra were recorded from KBr pellets in range 4000-400 cm -1 with a Mattson Alpha-Centauri spectrometer. Microanalytical (C, H, and N) data were obtained with a Perkin-Elmer Model 2400II elemental analyzer. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were studied with a Delta Series TA-SDT Q600 in a nitrogen atmosphere between room temperature and 800°C at a heating rate of 10°C·min -1 .
In order to explore effects of long-chain non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) HOTAIR on proliferation and migration of human lens epithelial cells, SRA01/04 cells were selected as the research strain in this study and divided into S1 group (no HOTAIR transfection), S2 group (siHOTAIR transfection), S3 group (siHOTAIR+10 ng/mL TGF-β2), and S4 group (no HOTAIR transfection+10 ng/mL TGF-β2) according to the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and silent HOTAIR treatment. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) colorimetric method was applied to detect cell proliferation.Western blot was used for detection of E-cadherin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), Snail, Slug, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and Smad-2 expressions. Results showed that the number of transmembrane cells in S4 group was higher markedly than that of the other groups, but that of S2 group dropped steeply compared with the other groups (P <0.05); E-cadherin (2.59±0.58) and ZO-1 (1.95±0.56) of S2 group increased hugely compared with the other groups, while Vimentin (0.57±0.14) and α-SMA (0.64±0.28) decreased sharply compared with the other groups (P < 0.05); Snail (2.51±0.59), Slug (2.11±0.47), and ZEB1 (2.83±0.53) of S4 group rose obviously compared with the other groups, but the above of S2 group reduced hugely compared with the other groups (P < 0.05); pSmad-2 and pSmad-3 of S4 group elevated greatly compared with the other groups, and those of S2 group reduced hugely compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HOTAIR high expression could promote TGF-β2-induced SRA01/04 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal trans-differentiation, which was related to TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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