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Conductive hydrogels are ideal materials for preparing wearable strain sensing devices due to their flexibility and stretchability. However, most hydrogels exhibited poor freezing resistance and weak water-holding ability, thus hindering...

Conductive, stretchable, and flexible hydrogel wearable sensors have attracted extensive attention in the fields of artificial intelligence and electronic equipment. However, it is an enormous challenge to fabricate conductive hydrogel sensors with biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and toughness. Here, a highly conductive hydrogel with excellent toughness, good biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial properties was prepared by incorporating acetylated distarch phosphate (ADSP) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMG). The addition of ADSP not only ionized sodium ions to make the hydrogel conductive but also provided abundant hydroxyl groups to form hydrogen bonds with PVA to improve the toughness of the hydrogel. Furthermore, PHMG endowed the hydrogel with antibacterial properties toward E. coli (Escherichia coli, Gram-negative bacteria) and S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-positive bacteria). Meanwhile, the hydrogel was implanted in mice for 14 days, and the surrounding tissue remained in good condition. More importantly, the hydrogel could detect ECG signals and electrical signals under different actions. This study affords a novel approach for exploiting wearable sensors with antibacterial properties and biocompatibility.

This paper compares the historical simulations and future projections of surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau of the updated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase (CMIP6) and the precedent phase of the project (CMIP5) to quantify differences in the projections under different scenarios. Model evaluation for the historical period indicates that the multi-model ensemble (MME) mean of CMIP6 outperforms CMIP5 MME in simulating spatial-temporal characteristics of surface air temperature. The temperature changes relative to 1986-2005 are projected in the near-term (2021-2040), mid-term (2041-2060), and long-term (2081-2100) future under Shared Socio-economic Pathway (SSP)2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 of CMIP6 and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5 of CMIP5. The projected temperature shows larger increases in the long-term compared with the near-term and mid-term under both SSPs and RCPs. CMIP6 MME projects higher temperature changes and accelerated warming trends relative to CMIP5 MME. Additionally, the temperature increases and warming rates show a signi cant elevation dependency, especially in the longterm. The uncertainty for future projections is quanti ed by the square root of error variance (SREV) method. The results record a clear reduction in the uncertainty of CMIP6 temperature relative to CMIP5 primarily concentrated at the elevation zones of over 5,000 m. The analysis of the projected temperature over the Tibetan Plateau is of great signi cance for policy-makers to make socio-economic adjustments for the future warming. This study is conducive to the credibility of future temperature projections for CMIP6 and enhances our comprehension of the uncertainty of SSP and RCP scenarios.

Conductive hydrogels are potential materials for fabricating wearable strain sensors owing to their excellent mechanical property and high conductivity. However, it is a challenge to simultaneously enhance the mechanical property...