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Quantum fluctuations from frustration can trigger quantum spin liquids (QSLs) at zero temperature. However, it is unclear how thermal fluctuations affect a QSL. We employ state-of-the-art tensor network-based methods to explore the ground state and thermodynamic properties of the spin-1/2 kagomé Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHA). Its ground state is shown to be consistent with a gapless QSL by observing the absence of zero-magnetization plateau as well as the algebraic behaviors of susceptibility and specific heat at low temperatures, respectively. We show that there exists an algebraic paramagnetic liquid (APL) that possesses both the paramagnetic properties and the algebraic behaviors inherited from the QSL. The APL is induced under the interplay between quantum fluctuations from geometrical frustration and thermal fluctuations. By studying the temperature-dependent behaviors of specific heat and magnetic susceptibility, a finite-temperature phase diagram in a magnetic field is suggested, where various phases are identified. This present study gains useful insight into the thermodynamic properties of the spin-1/2 KHA with or without a magnetic field and is helpful for relevant experimental studies.

The non-stoichiometric Heusler alloy Ni 50 Mn 36 In 14 undergoes a martensitic phase transformation in the vicinity of 345 K, with the high temperature austenite phase exhibiting paramagnetic rather than ferromagnetic behavior, as shown in similar alloys with lower-temperature transformations. Suitably prepared samples are shown to exhibit a sharp transformation, a relatively small thermal hysteresis, and a large field-induced entropy change. We analyzed the magnetocaloric behavior both through magnetization and direct fielddependent calorimetry measurements. For measurements passing through the first-order transformation, an improved method for heat-pulse relaxation calorimetry was designed. The results provide a firm basis for the analytic evaluation of field-induced entropy changes in related materials. An analysis of the relative cooling power (RCP), based on the integrated field-induced entropy change and magnetizing behavior of the Mn spin system with ferromagnetic correlations, shows that a significant RCP may be obtained in these materials by tuning the magnetic and structural transformation temperatures through minor compositional changes or local order changes.

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Aquatic products are one of the most important foods with plenty of high-quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA), a variety of minerals and other essential nutrients. However, the bad smell of fish, such as fishy smell and earthy smell, restricts its production and consumption. The main fishy odour substances from freshwater fish and marine fish are different. The geosmin and 2-methylisobomeol are the main compounds in freshwater fish, and aldehydes, alcohols and ketones are found in most marine fish. The odour compounds can come from environment like water, feed and alga, enzymolysis and oxidative reactions of protein and lipid. Thus, it is necessary to remove or inhibit odour by managing farming environment like improving water quality, using physical method like adding some substance to cover the bad smell and using some chemical or biological method to prevent enzymolysis or oxidation. Therefore, knowing the composition of fishy substances and understanding their production pathways will play an important role in suppressing fishy substances and improving the competitiveness of consumer production. Besides, it could provide new ideas for innovative deodorising methods.