BackgroundExercise intolerance is present even in the early stages of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is associated with poorer prognosis. Respiratory muscle dysfunction is common and may contribute to exercise limitation. We sought to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to improve exercise capacity in PAH. MethodsAdults with PAH were prospectively recruited and randomly assigned to either IMT or a control group. At baseline and after 8 weeks, assessment of respiratory muscle function, pulmonary function, neurohormonal activation, 6-minute walk distance and cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables were conducted. Inspiratory muscle strength was assessed by maximal static inspiratory pressure (PImax). The IMT group performed two cycles of 30 breaths at 30-40% of their PImax 5 days a week for 8 weeks.

there is a strong case for further investigation of the Task Cohesion construct under sleep loss. These findings may reflect a (top-down) shift in the behavioral economic framework of cooperation/parochial altruism, or a (bottom-up) load-shedding due to reduced attentional resources. Additional analysis of task performance and subjective ratings of individual and team perceived motivation for cooperation may help explain these findings. Introduction: Accurate assessment of sleep can be fundamental for monitoring, managing, and evaluating treatment outcomes within diseases. Proliferation of consumer activity trackers gives easy access to objective sleep. We evaluated the performance of a commercial device (Fitbit Alta HR, FBA) relative to a research-grade actigraph (Actiwatch Spectrum Pro, AWS) in measuring sleep before and after a cognitive behavioural intervention in Insomnia Disorder. Methods: Twenty five individuals with DSM-5 insomnia disorder (M = 50.6 ± 15.9 years) wore FBA and AWS and completed a sleep diary during an in-lab polysomnogram, and for one week preceding and following 7 weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioural intervention for insomnia. Device performance was compared for sleep outcomes (total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and

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