Introduction: Hepatitis is often a viral infection and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is reason in significant proportion of cases worldwide. HBV impact on liver can be of varying severity ranging from acute hepatitis to chronic hepatitis which can further lead to chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is paucity of data on acute hepatitis B, thus more researches will lead to better understanding of epidemiology and planning appropriate strategies required for prevention and control. Aims and objectives:The aim was to study Clinico-epidemiological profile in patients having acute infection of HBV and to assess the various risk factors, age & sex distribution and geographic foci of the disease, if any. Materials & methods:It was an epidemiology based, prospective study conducted at Medical Gastroenterology Department,PGIMS,Rohtak over a period of three years . Four hundred and nine (409) patients who were found to be having features of acute hepatitis and confirmed to be positive for HbsAg on Enzyme linked Immunoassay test (ELISA) and HBV DNA on PCR testing were enrolled in the study. Results:The burden of acute hepatitis B infection is more in the young males especially in the rural areas i.e. residing in villages. The reason for this could be lack of awareness, hygiene and shortage of health facilities.

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been estimated at between 1.2% and 1.7% in the adult global population whereas estimated figure in India is around 1% but there are no discrete studies for the same. The high cost and long waitlist in developed countries causes unnecessary delay but situation is totally reverse in Haryana, India where with efforts of government, treatment is free of cost to every resident and that too without any waiting period. Review of Literature: HCV, a single stranded RNA can go into chronic phase in 85% of patients and rest can clear this virus on its own. The patients who develop Chronic hepatitis C, after a prolonged period of ten to twenty years can develop cirrhosis in 5-20 % of patients. Few years back, the treatment was given with simple Interferon, followed by Pegylated Interferon & Ribavarin for 24 -48 weeks but after availability of Directly acting antiviral agents (DAA'S), interferon free era of treatment has started since December, 2015 in India. Summary and Conclusions: The main hindrance in treatment of chronic hepatitis C in developed countries is long waiting list and cost of therapy whereas in India, Haryana with help of Jeevan rekha Model, acts of commission has been removed and purchasing is done through open transparent tenders, thus free treatment to every resident has been made available to needy patients for controlling hepatitis C.

No abstract

No abstract

Background: There are limited number of studies providing information regarding the progression of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to chronic phase. Aim: To determine the percentage of patients of acute hepatitis B who progressed to chronic hepatitis B stage. Methods: It was a prospective study over a period of four years in which total 409 confirmed acute hepatitis B patients were enrolled but out of them only three hundred and four, (221 men and 83 women, 06–82 years old) were followed regularly for at least six months or more, thus data pertaining to them was analyzed. Results: Out of total of 304 acute hepatitis B patients, 279 patients resolved and became Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and Hepatitis B virus DNA negative whereas 25 patients went into chronic phase. No differences were found between groups with respect to age and sex. However, Serum Bilirubin, Serum amino transaminases, HbeAg and HBV DNA Quantitative levels were significantly lower in patients who progressed to chronic hepatitis stage. Conclusions: Around 91.78% of acute hepatitis B patients resolved but 8.22% progressed to Chronic hepatitis B stage The twenty five patients who progressed to chronic infection had mild hepatitis on comparison to 279 patients who resolved, thus suggesting that patients with mild acute hepatitis B infection may have a higher risk of progressing to chronic infection.