AimThe anxiety of dental procedure evokes physiological response in the human body similar to fear. The level of cortisol and alpha-amylase in saliva can be considered as one of the major biomarkers of stress and anxiety. Our study was aimed to correlate the stress and anxiety with the levels of salivary cortisol (SC) and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) in patients undergoing routine dental extraction.Materials and methodsThe levels of SC and SAA were assessed pre- and postextraction in the salivary samples of 20 children.ResultsThe values of cortisol and alpha-amylase showed a significant increase postextraction.ConclusionSalivary cortisol and SAA can be considered an important and noninvasive tool for assessment of anxiety, such as dental extraction, in children.Clinical significanceIncrease in the stress levels of a child in the dental operatory procedures like tooth extraction suggests the use of some behavior modification and shaping techniques by dentists to overcome the anxiety of the child before commencement of the procedure. This can aid in better cooperation of the child during treatment as well as helps in internal motivation toward future dental treatment.How to cite this article: Chaturvedi Y, Chaturvedy S, Marwah N, Chaturvedi S, Agarwal S, Agarwal N. Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase—Biomarkers of Stress in Children undergoing Extraction: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11(3):214-218.

Preservation of primary teeth is essential for the space maintenance till the eruption of permanent teeth. So, endodontic treatment is done for the same purpose. Various obturating materials have been introduced for the root canal filling of primary teeth but none could match all the ideal properties of the material. The main aim of the clinician should be to fill the root canal with material which could match maximum requirements of the ideal properties.

Objectives:The aims of our study were to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the dimensional changes in the nasopharyngeal soft-tissue characteristics in Indian patients with Class II malocclusion and to compare the results with patients with ideal occlusion. Materials and methods:A sample of 20 patients (10 girls, 10 boys) with Class II malocclusion due to true mandibular retrognathism was selected. None of the subjects had a history of upper airway disease, adenoidectomy, or pathology in the pharynx. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken to measure the nasopharyngeal airway changes in terms of linear measurements, and sagittal cross-sectional areas. Error analysis was performed to prevent systematic or random errors. Indepen dent mean t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate sex differences and the correlations among the variables.Results: Nasopharyngeal soft-tissue characteristics in Class II subjects were different in male and female subjects. Men with Class II malocclusion have larger adenoid width areas than do women. Men also had greater sagittal thickness of the lower airway. The retroglossal and the total airway area were significantly greater in the control group. Conclusion:This study suggests new lines of investigation about the relationship between skeletal and dental anomalies and airway obstruction, and possible specific respiratory characteristics for each type of malocclusion.

A case report of the clinical features and follow-up of an unusual case of a three-day-old baby boy with bilateral protrusion of the buccal pad of fat into the oral cavity. A follow-up of two years is also presented here. No history of trauma was reported. The swellings gradually decreased in size and finally disappeared by the age of 22 months. Hence, the clinician should be aware about this self-limiting and self-disappearing developmental anomaly.

The impacted maxillary incisor is rare and detrimental for problems related to esthetics and occlusion in permanent dentition stage. The diagnosis of an impacted incisor with dilaceration refers to a dental deformity characterized by an angulation between the crown and the root, causing noneruption of the incisor. The most common cause of dilaceration in a tooth is trauma to its primary predecessor like avulsions, intrusions, or gross displacement of primary incisors. This study presents a case with overretained mobile deciduous teeth that were diagnosed radiographically with an impacted dilacerated maxillary central incisor surrounded by a large radiolucency. History of trauma to the same region was given at the age of 1 year. On examination, multiple missing permanent teeth were noted. The management of the case was carried out by surgical enucleation and histopathologic examination confirmed diagnosis of an infected dentigerous cyst. How to cite this article Agarwal S, Goenka P, Lakshmi V, Chaturvedi Y, Nirwan M. Management of an Impacted Dilacerated Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):44-46.