Abstract:The use of Mulato (Brachiaria mulato), a new improved grass that has currently been introduced in Indonesia, in goats feeding system is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of supplementation of different legume leaves on feed intake, digestibility and daily liveweight gain of goats given Mulato grass as the basal diet. Twenty four male Kacang goats of approximately seven months old with initial body weight of 15.85 ± 0.56 (SE) kg were used. The experiment was a randomized block design with four treatments, and each treatment was replicated six times. The goats were randomly distributed into six groups according to their initial body weight rank. The dietary treatments tested were: T 1 : Mulato grass ad libitum (M), T 2 : M + Desmantus pernambucanus leaves (1.5% of body weight/day) (MD), T 3 : M + Gliricidia sepium leaves (1.5% of body weight/day) (MG), and T 4 : M + Leucaena leucocephala leaves (1.5% of body weight/day) (ML). The animals were confined in individual metabolic crates during the study, which consisted of two weeks adaptation period and eight weeks measurement period. Parameters measured were feed dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), estimated metabolisable energy intake (MEI), metabolisable energy retention (MER) and daily liveweight gain (DLG). Results showed that supplementation with different legume leaves to the goats receiving Mulato grass significantly increased (P < 0.05) total DMI, DMD, MEI, MER and DLG of the animals. Total DMI for goats treated with T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 were 3.61%, 3.85%, 3.98% and 3.89% of body weight/day, respectively. Feed DMD for the four treatments were 57.68%, 63.66%, 65.74% and 64.81% for T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 , respectively. DLG were 51.98, 69.84, 84.92 and 75.40 g/day for goats treated with T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 , respectively. It was concluded that supplementation of legume leaves to Kacang goats fed Mulato grass significantly increased feed DMI, DMD and the animals' DLG, but there were no significant differeces among the legume leaves as feed supplements.

Rusiyantono Y, Tanari M, Mumu MI (2011) Conservation of maleo bird (Macrocephalon maleo) through egg hatching modification and ex situ management. . Over exploitation of maleo bird eggs has become the main problem. In addition, habitat demolition and fragmentation have also caused decrease in maleo bird population. This research aimed to know the effectiveness of hatching pattern to produce maleo breeding, studying breeding pattern of maleo bird through hatching approaches of feed quality and temperature adjustment, and studying maleo bird respond towards caring pattern adjustment by measuring plasticity value. There were two phases in this research. The first phase was hatching by using modified incubator. The other one was the caring of the breeding from the result of hatching through feed pattern management using protein and energy balancing. The results of the research indicated that the hatching success was 65%; however, life endurance of the birds from birth to one month of age was only 40%. Their growth showed sufficiently high increase after passing critical period in their body-weight based on feeding pattern containing 21% of protein that was 64.93 g and 62.59 g for maleo in Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) and Bangkiriang Wildlife Reserve (BWR), respectively. Their monthly body-weight increase was 33.06 g in average of feeding pattern containing 13% of protein for LLNP maleo birds and 36.99 g for the maleo in BWR. It was found that feeding pattern containing higher content of protein (21%) promoted significant increase in the body-weight of maleo birds. Feeding such birds with high protein content feed along with sufficient energy triggered their growth speed. Based on the findings, it was concluded that maleo birds could be preserved by way of hatching, while the birds could be fed with feed containing high protein and energy in order to accelerate their growth after hatching.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of rice bran (energy source) and palm kernel meal (protein source) or their combination supplementation on liveweight change, body dimension and condition score of Donggala bulls given corn stover. The experiment used a completely randomised block design with 4 treatment and 7 replicates. Twenty eight of Donggala bulls were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. The treatments were (1) corn stover (CS), (2) CS added 1% body weight (W) dry matter (DM)/day of rice bran (RB), (3) CS added 1% W DM/d palm kernel meal (PKM) and (4) CS added 1% W DM/d RBPKM (1:1). Observed parameters were average daily gain (ADG), body dimensions, and body condition score (BCS). Analysis of variance showed supplementation of energy and protein sources significantly (P<0.05) increased ADG, chest girth and BCS of Donggala bulls. Height at withers and body length of the bull was not affected (P>0.05) by treatment. Addition of RB or PKM significantly increased ADG, chest girth and BCS. The highest increases in ADG, chest girth and BCS were resulted in RBPKM supplementation. It is concluded that supplementation of energy in combination with protein increased growth performance of Donggala bulls fed low quality forage.

An experiment was done to examine the effect of the addition of different legume leaves on live weight gain, change in body dimension, and condition score of Donggala bulls fed corn stover (CS). Twenty-eight Donggala bulls (initial body weight (BW) 179.48±3.66 kg) were blocked by BW in a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments and 7 replicates. The treatments were CS ad libitum, CS plus Desmanthus virgatus (CSD), CS plus Gliricidia sepium (CSG), and CS plus Leucaena leucocephala (CSL). All supplements were offered at level 1% BW dry matter (DM)/day. The experiment was run for 16 weeks, with 2 and 14 weeks for the introduction and measurement period, respectively. The parameters observed include average daily live weight gain (ADG), wither height, heart girth, body length, and body condition score (BCS). It was observed that the addition of different tree legumes leaves lifted up significantly (P<0.05) ADG, change in heart girth, BCS but did not affect significantly (P>0.05) change of wither height and body length of Donggala bulls fed CS. The addition of Leucaena resulted in the highest increase (P<0.05) in ADG, change of heart girth, and BCS. It was concluded that supplementation of tree legume leaves increased the growth performance of Donggala bulls fed CS.