Introduction: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) appears to lead in the worldwide unending battle of health problems. This study sought to determine the relationship of perceived susceptibility and threats to Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) prevention practices as moderated by cultural beliefs. Methods: Descriptive evaluative and correlational research designs were utilized. The study employed 393 respondents (20-55 years old) from five provinces in Indonesia with the highest incidence of PTB, selected through the multi-stage and purposive sampling technique. The data analyzed through the SPSS program, utilized statistical methods: Mean and Standard Deviation, Correlation Analysis, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS. Results: The respondents had high perceived susceptibility and threats (mean = .755, SD = .421), and practiced the PTB prevention sometimes (mean = 3.347 and SD = .826). This implies that Indonesian adults understand that certain conditions and practices would lead them or put them at risk to be infected with PTB. Perceived susceptibility and threats have a positive weak significant correlation (r = .320̽ ̽, ρ = .000) with PTB prevention practices. The higher the perceived susceptibility and threats, the better is the PTB prevention practices. The perceived susceptibility and threats has influenced over their prevention practices.  Cultural beliefs have a moderating role (estimate value of - .053, ρ = .000) in the relationship of perceived susceptibility and threats to PTB prevention practices.  The stronger the respondents hold on to their cultural beliefs, the weaker is the impact of perceived susceptibility and threats. Discussion: Further study from other provinces that excluded in this study and on another specific culture related to PTB prevention practices with a comparison of different population groups (urban and rural), and with a bigger sample size. Also, may employ a qualitative research method to explore in depth understanding of the phenomenon.