Background: In spite of, extensive efforts and a number of blood donation programs being organized worldwide, availability of adequate and safe blood still remains short to meet the increased demand in developing countries including Ethiopian. The major challenge was recruitment of voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors. Literatures identified that many factors are responsible such as, lack of knowledge, negative attitudes, and inconvenience for facilities. Increase level of knowledge and positive attitude towards voluntary blood donation in young people is highest priority.Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional quantitative study was used to assess KAP and associated factors towards voluntary blood donation (VBD) among health science students of Samara University, Afar Northeast Ethiopia, using pre-tested structured self-administered questionnaire. Stratified sampling method was used and individual was selected by simple random sampling method. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. Predictor variables with p-values up to 0.25 in bivariate regression were entered to multivariate regression and p-value <0.05 used as cut-off point for a variable to became independent predictor. Association b/n outcome and predictor variables were calculated by odds ratio and 95% CI. Finally, results were presented in texts, graphs and tables.Result: Out of total participants, 67% were males and mean age range, 21.29 ± 1.66 years. Of them, 54% (95% [CI]: 49.0%-59.0%) of participant had adequate knowledge regarding VBD. Being students in department of midwifery increased odds of level of knowledge on VBD [AOR (95%CI)=1.95(1.02, 3.7)]. Of total, students 65.8% (95% [CI]: 61.0%-71.0%) had favorable attitude. Being students in department of midwifery and health officer increased odds of favorable attitude [AOR (95% CI)=1.943(1.066, 3.542) and 2.099(1.207, 3.649)] respectively. Less than one quarter, 83 (24.5%) (95% [CI]: 20.0%-29.0%) had ever donated blood. Being department of nursing increased odds of practice [AOR (95%CI)=1.881(1.002, 3.532)]. Conclusion:The level of knowledge on VBD was low while, significant number of students had unfavorable attitude towards VBD and there was poor practice. Therefore, it is better to incorporate short training course for health science students in the existing curriculum.

Background Cervical cancer is preventable and remains a leading cause of avoidable death among women in the world. In a developing country, the knowledge of screening for cervical cancer behavior still very low. However, little is known about the knowledge towards cervical cancer screening of urban health extension workers in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess knowledge towards cervical cancer screening and associated factors among urban health extension workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 312 urban health extension workers completed the survey in the Amharic language. Data collected using a structured questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26. Results The mean age of the urban health extension workers was 20.41 ± 3.73 years and 55.1% were married. The majority of the participants (75.6%) had diploma educational level, and 38.1% of them had 1–2 years of work experience. More than half (51.6%) of the participants had poor knowledge about cervical cancer screening. Participants with work experience of 5–6 years (AOR = 4.32: 95% CI = 1.71,10.94) and those who had a monthly income of 5000–10,000 ETB (AOR = 3.75: 95% CI = 1.49,9.41) and greater than > 10,000 ETB (AOR = 3.08: 95% CI =1.06, 8.98) were positively associated with knowledge towards cervical cancer screening among urban health extension workers, p-value< 0.05. Conclusion This study indicated that the knowledge towards cervical cancer screening of urban health extension workers was inadequate. Urban health extension workers’ work experiences and monthly income were found to be independent predictors of the knowledge towards cervical cancer screening of respondents. Therefore, urban health extension workers with low work experiences and those with small monthly income could be targeted for cervical cancer screening information and training interventions.

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Background It is proposed that the biggest gap in control of rheumatic heart disease is in implementing of ineffective primary and secondary preventive measures. These measures are supposed to be well addressed by nurses. For prevention and proper management, nurses are expected to have full knowledge about rheumatic heart disease. Therefor the main objective of the study was to assess the level of nurse’s knowledge and factors behind regarding RHD in the current study. Method Institution based cross sectional study was conducted on nurses working in cardiac centers of public and private hospitals at Addis Ababa from April 1 to 30, 2021. Total sample size is 163 selected by purposive sampling method. Data was entered in to Epi-data version 4.5 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 and was checked for missing values. Data was cleaned. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and percentages were calculated, described and displayed in tables, graphs and charts. Binary logistic regression was done to see the crude significant relation of each independent variable with nurse’s good knowledge score. Significant factors were identified based on multivariate logistics regression in 95% confidence level at P-value less than 0.05. Result In the present study about 154 participants were participated. The mean correct answer response of the nurses for knowledge of RHD questions is 12.2 ± 5.2. Only 48.7% of the nurses have good knowledge towards RHD. Being male in gender, having history of sore throat, taking formal education in university or collage, taking in-service training on RHD, having higher wok experience, have found significantly associated with higher odds of nurses’ good knowledge towards RHD. Conclusion and recommendation Regular training regarding RHD management should be given to nurses who are working in cardiac centers. Rheumatic heart disease early treatment and prevention should be incorporated and reinforced in to nursing and other health related professions curriculums.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, in 2018 2.1 million new cases are diagnosed. In Ethiopia due to the increasing awareness of breast cancer patients are taking chemotherapy in different parts of the country but patients’ knowledge of chemotherapy and experience of chemotherapy have not been assessed very well and this study tried to assess patients’ knowledge about chemotherapy. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and experience of women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, in 2021. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted and data was collected from Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital and Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College from February 8 to March 1, 2020. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0 and exported to SPSS version 26. Descriptive statics such as frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were done and displayed in tables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: The study involved 250 participants. The mean age of the respondents was (43.35±11.1). Of the total 135 (54%) respondents were not knowledgeable and 115 (46%) were knowledgeable. Age >45 years and patients who lived in Addis Ababa were associated with higher knowledge. Respondents who took chemotherapy fourth to the sixth cycle and who are currently single were associated with the worst experience and the distance-time it takes to get to the hospital when is three to six hours were associated with the tolerable experience. Conclusion and recommendations: The study revealed that more than half of the participants were not knowledgeable and more than half of the participants had the worst experience. Hence healthcare providers should provide information about chemotherapy to their patients and should teach them how to manage the possible side effects.