An anisotropic and inhomogeneous magnetic interaction (the average spin-spin interaction constant (-)J > 0) was observed in the various liquid crystalline (LC) phases of racemic and nonracemic all-organic radical LC compounds 1a and 1b. We discussed how the LC superstructures induced the magnetic interaction to operate in the LC phases in terms of spin-spin dipole and exchange interactions by means of VT-EPR spectroscopy. The magnitude of the magnetic interaction depended on the type of LC phase, or the superstructure. Furthermore, these radical LC droplets floating on water were commonly attracted to a permanent magnet and moved freely under the influence of this magnet, whereas the crystallized particles of the same compounds never responded to the magnet. The response of the LC droplets to the magnet also varied depending on the type of LC phase, that is, the extent of the magnetic interaction.

In this work, a systematic work was performed to investigate the electrochemical transport properties of acceptor-doped BaZrO3 by measuring electromotive force on various gas concentration cells. For the measurements in the wet oxidizing atmosphere, where significant hole conduction occurs, the transport numbers of the ionic conduction in the oxidizing atmosphere were corrected by taking the effect of electrode polarization into consideration. The results revealed that regardless of whether Sc, Y, In, Ho, Er, Tm or Yb was doped, proton conduction predominates in the reducing atmosphere with the transport number close to unit. However, the contribution of ionic conduction weakens, and the contribution of hole conduction enhances, when the samples are exposed to the moist oxidizing atmosphere. In addition, introducing Ba-deficiency results in degraded electrochemical conductivity, but the transport number in either the moist reducing or the moist oxidizing atmosphere does not change obviously.

The electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties in the gigahertz region (12–110 GHz) of carbon microcoils (CMCs) with a three-dimensional-helical/spiral chiral structure (1–10 μm coil diameter and 0.1–10 mm coil length) were examined using the open space method. It was found that the target value of reflection loss, over −20 dB (above 99% absorptivity) necessitated for commercial applications, could be obtained for EM absorption composites of only 1–2 wt % addition of CMCs in a polyurethane matrix for the 30–35, 50–55, 75–80, and 95–100 GHz bands. A CMCs addition of more than 3 wt % resulted in a decrease of the EM wave absorptivity, because of the increase in the reflection of the EM waves. Multilayer absorption composites showed a higher EM absorptivity than that of single-layer composites. The longer the coil length, the higher the absorptivity could be obtained. The absorption mechanism of the EM waves by CMCs is discussed.

Here we show the first observation of an unusual intermolecular magnetic interaction in the liquid-crystalline (LC) state of an all-organic radical compound at 73 C on water; the magnetic interaction actually allows the LC droplet on water to be attracted by a weak permanent magnet, whereas the crystalline phase did not respond to the magnet.