Introducción: La fauna de sedimentos del subsuelo es donde se da el intercambio entre aguas subterráneas y superficiales, llamada “fauna hiporreica”, cumple funciones ecológicas importantes en ríos, sin embargo, no ha sido estudiada suficientemente en Colombia. Objetivo: Identificar las relaciones entre los invertebrados hiporreicos y variables fisicoquímicas en el río Dagua, Colombia. Métodos: En tres giras a campo (entre octubre 2017 y diciembre 2018) en cinco estaciones de muestreo a lo largo de la cuenca del río, realizamos perforaciones implementando el método de Karaman-Chappuis (sedimento, agua e invertebrados), y registramos la granulometría y materia orgánica en los sedimentos; además, nutrientes, iones y metales en el agua. Resultados: Las estaciones en la zona de cabecera tuvieron sustratos con sedimentos gruesos (grava y piedra), mayores niveles de oxígeno, y menor temperatura del agua. La riqueza y diversidad de especies fueron mayores en estaciones en la zona cabecera, donde predominaron Copepoda e Insecta, mientras que en sitios de cuenca baja predominaron Arachnida (Hydrachnidiae), Clitellata (Oligochaeta) y Nematoda. Conclusiones: La distribución y abundancia de la fauna hiporreica fueron principalmente influenciados por cambios en la granulometría del sustrato hiporreico y sus contenidos de materia orgánica.
This study examined the composition and diversity of the invertebrate communities that inhabit the hyporheic zone (HZ) in the upper and lower basins of the Dagua River, a tropical mountain stream, and their relationship with the macrobenthic fauna. In the HZ, different taxa were collected, many of which have been reported in several regions worldwide, suggesting that the biodiversity of the hyporheic community in Colombian rivers may be high. Although the hyporheic and macrobenthic fauna shared a moderate percentage (> 50 %) of taxa, their ecological structures were different. The analysis of hyporheic filtrate water showed the presence of microplastic (MP) fibers as well as fauna, a condition that, based on the literature review, could represent a risk for the normal functioning of this river ecosystem.
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