The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. 8 TM Table of contents Preface and acknowledgements ix Abbreviations xi List of tables and figures xiii Table of contents vi 3. Verbs of implicit negation and gerunds 3.1. Verbs of implicit negation and gerunds 3.2. The historical development of forbear 3.2.1. Preliminary remarks 3.2.2. The historical rise of to-infinitives and gerunds with forbear 3.2.3. The preposition from and forbear in current English 3.3. The historical development of avoid 3.3.1. Preliminary remarks 3.3.2. The syntactic development of avoid in the history of English 3.3.3. The so-called horror aequi principle 4. Verbs of implicit negation and gerunds with prepositions 4.1. Verbs of implicit negation and gerunds with prepositions 4.2. The historical development of prohibit 4.2.1. Preliminary remarks 4.2.2. The rise of to-infinitives and gerunds 4.2.3. Gerunds with or without the preposition from 4.3. The historical development of prevent 4.3.1. Preliminary remarks 4.3.2. The establishment of gerundial constructions in the history of English 4.3.3. Three types of constructions with gerunds in later Modern English 4.3.4. Is "prevent + object +-ing" an elliptical form of "prevent + object + from +-ing"? 4.4. The historical development of hinder 4.4.1. Preliminary remarks 4.4.2. The rise of gerunds and the decline of the other constructions 4.4.3. The contrast between nominal and pronominal objects 4.5. The historical development of refrain 4.5.1. Preliminary remarks 4.5.2. The rise of to-infinitives and gerunds 4.5.

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The present paper discusses the historical development of the verb doubt. In Present Day English, doubt is usually considered to yield whether-clauses in affirmative sentences and that-clauses in negative ones. However, this has not always been the case in the history of English. During the period from late Middle English to early Modern English, the same verb provides various constructions like infinitives, gerunds, lest-clauses, and but-clauses. Moreover, the history of English saw the development of I doubt as an epistemic phrase. By contrast, the development of the epistemic use is not prominent in negative sentences, which is most probably related to the development of no doubt as well as the simultaneously ongoing development of the auxiliary do.

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