PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine effects in neuromuscular transmission and in neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium. METHODS: Rats were distributed in 5 groups (n = 5) in agreement with the studied drugs: lidocaine, racemic bupivacaine, rocuronium, separately (Groups I, II, III); rocuronium in preparations exposed to local anesthetics (Groups IV, V). The concentrations used were: 20 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL, for lidocaine, bupivacaine and rocuronium, respectively. It was evaluated: 1) amplitude of diaphragm muscle response to indirect stimulation, before and 60 minutes after separately addition of lidocaine, racemic bupivacaine and rocuronium and the association of local anesthetics - rocuronium; 2) membrane potentials (MP) and miniature end-plate potentials (MEPP). RESULTS: Lidocaine and bupivacaine separately didn't alter the amplitude of muscle response and MP. In preparations previously exposed to lidocaine and racemic bupivacaine, the rocuronium blockade was significantly larger (90.10 ± 9.15% and 100%, respectively), in relation to the produced by rocuronium separately (73.12 ± 9.89%). Lidocaine caused an increase in the frequency of MEPP, being followed by blockade; racemic bupivacaine produced decrease being followed by blockade. CONCLUSIONS: Local anesthetics potentiated the blockade caused by rocuronium. The alterations of MEPP identify presynaptic action.
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS:A potencialização da procainamida sobre o bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pela d-tubocurarina já está comprovada, porém o mecanismo é controverso. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da procainamida no bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio e investigar os mecanismos desta interação. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 15 ratos (250 a 300 g) em preparação descrita por Bülbring. Formaram-se os seguintes grupos (n = 5 cada): procainamida -20 µg.mL -1 (Grupo I); rocurônio -4 µg.mL -1 (Grupo II) e rocurônio -4 µg.mL -1 e procainamida -20 µg.mL -1 (Grupo III). Avaliaram-se: 1) a amplitude das contrações musculares sob estimulação indireta em cada grupo, antes e após a adição dos fármacos; 2) os potenciais de placa terminal em miniatura (PPTM); 3) a eficácia da 4-aminopiridina na reversão do bloqueio neuromuscular. O mecanismo da interação foi estudado em Biventer cervicis (n = 5) e diafragma de rato desnervado (n = 5), observando-se a influência da procainamida na resposta à acetilcolina antes e após a adição da procainamida. RESULTADOS: A procainamida isoladamente não alterou as respostas neuromusculares. O bloqueio produzido com o Grupo III foi de 68,6% ± 7,1%, com diferença significativa (p = 0,0067) em relação ao Grupo II (10,4% ± 4,5%), revertido pela 4-aminopiridina. A procainamida ocasionou aumento na freqüência dos PPTM, seguido de bloqueio revertido pela 4-aminopiridina. Em Biventer cervicis a procainamida aumentou a resposta à ação de contração da acetilcolina, resultado não observado com o diafragma desnervado. CONCLUSÕES: A procainamida potencializou o bloqueio produzido pelo rocurônio. As alterações observadas com PPTM e Biventer cervicis identificaram ação pré-sináptica. O antagonismo da 4-aminopiridina sobre o bloqueio dos PPTM sugeriu dessensibilização dos receptores pela procainamida. Unitermos: ANIMAL: rato; ANTIARRÍTMICOS: procainamida; BLO-QUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, Não-despolarizantes: rocurônio; DROGAS: interação.
SUMMARYMartins TD, Loyola YCS, Braga AFA -Influence of Procainamide on the Neuromuscular Blockade Caused by Rocuronium and Investigation on the Mechanism of Action of Procainamide on the Neuromuscular Junction. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has already been proved that procainamide potentiates the neuromuscular blockade of d-tubocurarine; however, the mechanism of this potentiation is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of procainamide on the neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium and investigate the mechanisms of this interaction. METHODS: Fifteen rats (250 to 300 g) were used in the preparation described by Bülbring. They were divided in three groups (n = 5 each): procainamide -20 µg.mL -1 (Group I); rocuronium -4 µg.mL -1 (Group II); and rocuronium -4 µg.mL -1 and procainamide -20 µg.mL -1 (Group III). The following parameters were evaluated: 1) amplitude of muscle contractions under indirect stimulation, before and after the administration of the drugs; 2) miniature end plate potentials (MEPPs); and 3) the effic...
Lidocaine increases the neuromuscular blocking produced by rocuronium. MEPP modifications identify a presynaptic action. The complete antagonism of 4-aminopyridine indicates a presynaptic component. This idea is supported by the partial antagonism through neostigmine.
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