Mercury-supported, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the sole dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and of a raft-forming mixture of DOPC, cholesterol (Chol) and palmitoylsphingomyelin (PSM) of (59:26:15) mol% composition, were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), both in the absence and in the presence of the monosialoganglioside GM1. The impedance spectra of these four SAMs were fitted by a series of parallel combinations of a resistance and a capacitance (RC meshes) and displayed on plots of ωZ′ against −ωZ″, where Z′ and Z″ are the in-phase and quadrature components of the impedance and ω is the angular frequency. A comparison among these different impedance spectra points to the formation of GM1-rich gel phase microdomains within the lipid rafts of the DOPC/Chol/PSM mixture, thanks to the unique molecular-level smooth support provided by mercury, which allows EIS to detect the protruding gel phase microdomains by averaging them over a macroscopically large area.
Resumen. Este trabajo explora los diferentes episodios por los cuales transitó la industria vinícola argentina durante el periodo 1980-2012, en el marco de la globalización del sector. En particular, se estudia la importancia que tuvieron algunos bodegueros en dicho proceso así como el efecto que tuvo el tipo de cambio y los mercados receptores del vino argentino en la expansión de las exportaciones en loś ultimos años. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que, a partir de los años 80, los bodegueros vieron en las exportaciones una salida a la crisis más importante que atravesó el sector en la Argentina. Esto implicó, necesariamente, una transformación del mismo para producir vinos de calidad que pudieran ser vendidos en el mercado internacional. Así, los bodegueros sumaron a una tradición vitivinícola centenaria nuevas prácticas y estrategias de desarrollo. Por otro lado, a lo largo de 30 años, diversas políticas macroeconómicas influyeron en la expansión del sector en general y en las exportaciones en particular. En síntesis, en este trabajo intentamos demostrar que el crecimiento de las exportaciones de vinos argentinos tuvo un camino sinuoso y diferente a lo que la bibliografía hasta el momento ha encontrado para los países exportadores del "nuevo mundo". El trabajo se basa en diferentes fuentes de información cuantitativas brindadas por el Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INV), en las estadísticas de la Bolsa de Comercio de Mendoza y la Organización Internacional de la Viña y el Vino (OIV), así como también en entrevistas recogidas en fuentes secundarias a informantes claves del sector.Abstract. This paper analyses the different episodes that the Argentina wine industry transited between the years 1980 to 2012, within a context of globalization of the wine-grape industry. In particular, we study the significance that some winemakers had in the process and the effect of the exchange rate and recipients of Argentine wine in the expansion of exports in recent years. The hypothesis of this article is that, from the 80 s, the winemakers observed in exports as a solution to face their most important crisis. This required a transformation of the industry to produce quality wines that could be sold on the international market. Thus, winemakers added to a century-old winemaking tradition new practices and strategies. On the other hand, over 30 years, various macroeconomic policies affect the overall industry growth, especially in exports. On balance, in this paper we propose to show that the growth of exports of Argentine wine was a sinuous and different path to the literature has been found for the "new world" exporters countries. The data was obtained from Instituto Nancional de Vitivinícultura (INV), Bolsa de Comercio de Mendoza and International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) as well as interviews collected on primary and secondary sources.Résumé. Cet article explore les différentsépisodes pour lesquels transitaient l'industrie du vin en Argentine pendant la période 1980-2012, dans le contexte de la mondia...
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