The aim of this research was to compare the efficiency of different murine lines for genotoxicity assays. Rats and mice of different murine lines were used. The spontaneous and induced indexes were evaluated according to alkaline comet assay of peripheral blood leukocytes, micronucleus and chromosomic aberration assay of bone marrow cell, and sperm head morphology assay. In most of the evaluated assays the line of Balb/c mice turned out to be the ideal biomodel, with less spontaneous indexes and high induced indexes to the mutagen used; allowing to detect in a narrow error margin those substances that are classified of very low genotoxicity. These results demonstrate that genetically the line of Balb/c mice in both sexes is more stable than the other ones evaluated. This suggests the use of the Balb/c line on in vivo genotoxicity assay will increase sensibility and robustness.

The discovery of new drugs with antigenotoxic effect constitutes in our days a prioritized line of research. In this work was evaluated the response of Sprague Dawley rats (both sexes) against cyclophosphamide and bleomycin by means of alkaline comet assay of peripheral blood leukocytes and micronuclei in bone marrow cells assay as antigenotoxicy biomodel. Higher induction of the strand breaks (SB) and alkali-labile sites formation on DNA damage were obtained with the use of the cyclophosphamide and bleomycin, both in the design of 48 and 24 hr administration before the euthanasia. In the mironucleis assay was obtained high results of induction the micronucleus formation in bone marrow cells with cyclophosphamide was administered 48 and 24 hr before euthanasia in both sexes. These results are useful in studies of drugs evaluation that they have not been explored in to the in vivo antigenotoxicity environment.

No abstract

The aim of this paper is to compare the spontaneous and induced with cyclophosphamide micronucleus indexes in bone marrow cells of the Sprague Dawley, Lewis and Wistar rat lines. Five experimental groups were formed (10 animals of each sex and of each line, in every group). The first group was used as the negative control (intact animals), the second one was exposed to oral administration of drugs; other conditions were the same as for the other groups. The third group was treated with 2 % Tween 65 and the fourth group was treated with 0.9 % NaCl. Both substances were administered by oral way to 2 ml/kg during 14 days. The fifth group was treated intraperitoneally with strong mutagen cyclophosphamide in the dose of 50 mg/kg (10 ml/kg in solution), on 48 th and 24 th hours before euthanasia. The Sprague Dawley line (both sexes) was significantly different from the other lines. Rats of this line had lower index of spontaneous formation of micronuclei, higher index of cyclophosphamide-induced micronucle formation, percent of micronucleated erythrocytes in bone marrow and the index of cytotoxicity. The results obtained make it possible to identify the most appropriate line of rats as model animals for studies of genotoxicity. It will allow also to obtain more accurate estimates of genotoxicity of various substances.

La rabia canina es un problema de salud vigente, muy importante para la salud pública, la producción ganadera y la economía. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la distribución espacio-temporal de la rabia canina en el periodo 2009-2018 en La Habana, Cuba. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo de forma pasiva y de corte transversal. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó el software Epidat, versión 3.1, basado en matriz de Microsoft Excel. Se determinaron los indicadores epidemiológicos: prevalencia de casos, serie temporal mensual y tendencia acumulada de focos. Mientras que, para el análisis espacial, se calcularon las coordenadas geográficas a partir del centroide de cada municipio. Para la visualización se utilizó el programa QGIS versión 3.0.1 y las bases cartográficas de GEOCUBA. Se realizó la comparación de proporciones para los casos positivos entre las áreas periféricas y centrales, las que se graficaron en el paquete estadístico BlueSky Statistics versión 6.0.7. Como resultado se obtuvo que la mayor densidad poblacional de caninos/km2 se encuentra en el conjunto de los municipios 10 de Octubre - Centro Habana-Habana Vieja; seguido en orden decreciente del conjunto del Oeste (La Lisa-Playa-Marianao-Regla) y la menor densidad poblacional en el grupo Cotorro-Guanabacoa-Habana del Este. Se reveló proporciones altamente significativas de focos en las áreas geográficas periféricas, respecto a las centrales. Se mostró en la serie temporal mensual de focos rábicos, un comportamiento paralelo en el tiempo desde el año 2009 hasta el 2013, con incremento entre febrero de 2014 hasta octubre de 2015, y un pico en el mes de agosto, además hubo una disminución en el mes de noviembre del 2018. Se concluye que existe una tendencia a variaciones significativas en la distribución espacial y temporal de la rabia canina en La Habana en el periodo 2009-2018.