Demands for large-scale energy storage systems have driven the development of layered transition-metal oxide cathodes for room-temperature rechargeable sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Now,a na bnormal layered-tunnel heterostructure Na 0.44 Co 0.1 Mn 0.9 O 2 cathode material induced by chemical element substitution is reported. By virtue of beneficial synergistic effects,t his layered-tunnel electrode shows outstanding electrochemical performance in sodium half-cell system and excellent compatibility with hardc arbon anode in sodium full-cell system. The underlying formation process,c harge compensation mechanism, phase transition, and sodium-ion storage electrochemistry are clearly articulated and confirmed through combined analyses of in situ highenergy X-rayd iffraction and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopya sw ell as operando X-rayd iffraction. This crystal structure engineering regulation strategy offers af uture outlook into advanced cathode materials for SIBs.

Demands for large-scale energy storage systems have driven the development of layered transition-metal oxide cathodes for room-temperature rechargeable sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Now,a na bnormal layered-tunnel heterostructure Na 0.44 Co 0.1 Mn 0.9 O 2 cathode material induced by chemical element substitution is reported. By virtue of beneficial synergistic effects,t his layered-tunnel electrode shows outstanding electrochemical performance in sodium half-cell system and excellent compatibility with hardc arbon anode in sodium full-cell system. The underlying formation process,c harge compensation mechanism, phase transition, and sodium-ion storage electrochemistry are clearly articulated and confirmed through combined analyses of in situ highenergy X-rayd iffraction and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopya sw ell as operando X-rayd iffraction. This crystal structure engineering regulation strategy offers af uture outlook into advanced cathode materials for SIBs.

Abstract. Colorectal cancer is the most common gastrointestinal cancer in the USA. Naphthazarin, one of the naturally available 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, is a natural bioactive molecule that exhibits an antitumor effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the anticancer effect of naphthazarin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human SW480 colorectal cancer cells. In the present study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to assess the effect of napthazarin on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of SW430 cells, respectively. In addition, an Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis assay and 4' ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining were used to analyze cell and nuclei apoptosis of SW480 cells, respectively, following treatment with naphthazarin. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell associated X protein (Bax) protein expression was analyzed by western blot. Furthermore, caspase-3 activation was analyzed using a commercial kit. The results revealed that naphthazarin exhibited cell growth inhibition, an increase in cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in SW480 cells, which was associated with activation of the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway and cleaved caspase-3 activation. However, no significant differences in PARP expression were identified following treatment with naphthazarin in SW480 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that naphthazarin decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of SW480 cells, indicating that naphthazarin may present a potential therapeutic agent for human colorectal cancer treatment.