We have introduced line defects into a three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal by combining the techniques of optical photolithography, self-assembly, and template replication. The template is a colloidal crystal film that is grown on a silicon or glass substrate patterned with photoresist lines, and the 3D photonic crystal with air-core line defects is obtained by infiltrating the colloidal crystal film with silica and removing the template by calcination. SEM and optical transmission spectra show that the resulting 3D PC structure has high structural integrity and crystalline quality. This approach can introduce defects at the desired places of 3D photonic crystals, which may be useful in making 3D photonic crystal-based air-core waveguides.

We study the finite-size effect on the dispersion relation, group velocity, and transmission curves of one-dimensional finite-size coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) structures. Both the dispersion relation and the group velocity curves of a finite-size CROW oscillate along those of the corresponding infinite-extended ones. The oscillations can be suppressed by matching the equivalent admittance of the surrounding medium to that of the unit cell. Thelen's method is used to find the parameters of the matching layer to reduce oscillations on the group velocity and transmission spectra, and to analyze the structure parameters that determine the bandwidth and the group velocity.

High electrostrictive strain under high mechanical stress in electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) copolymer

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