Rapid metabolism differentiates cancer cells from normal cells and relies on anaplerotic pathways. However, the mechanisms of anaplerosis‐associated enzymes are rarely understood. The lack of potent and selective antimetabolism drugs restrains further clinical investigations. A small molecule ZY‐444 ((N4‐((5‐(4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl)‐2‐thiophenyl)methyl)‐N2‐isobutyl‐2,4‐pyrimidinediamine) is discovered to inhibit cancer cell proliferation specifically, having potent efficacies against tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. ZY‐444 binds to cellular pyruvate carboxylase (PC), a key anaplerotic enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and inactivates its catalytic activity. PC inhibition suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis through inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin/Snail signaling pathway. Lower PC expression in patient tumors is correlated with significant survival benefits. Comparative profiles of PC expression in cancer versus normal tissues implicate the tumor selectivity of ZY‐444. Overall, ZY‐444 holds promise therapeutically as an anti‐cancer metabolism agent.

Many downscaling algorithms have been proposed to address the issue of coarse-resolution land surface temperature (LST) derived from available satellite-borne sensors. However, few studies have focused on improving LST downscaling in urban areas with several mixed surface types. In this study, LST was downscaled by a multiple linear regression model between LST and multiple scale factors in mixed areas with three or four surface types. The correlation coefficients (CCs) between LST and the scale factors were used to assess the importance of the scale factors within a moving window. CC thresholds determined which factors participated in the fitting of the regression equation. The proposed downscaling approach, which involves an adaptive selection of the scale factors, was evaluated using the LST derived from four Landsat 8 thermal imageries of Nanjing City in different seasons. Results of the visual and quantitative analyses show that the proposed approach achieves relatively satisfactory downscaling results on 11 August, with coefficient of determination and root-mean-square error of 0.87 and 1.13 °C, respectively. Relative to other approaches, our approach shows the similar accuracy and the availability in all seasons. The best (worst) availability occurred in the region of vegetation (water). Thus, the approach is an efficient and reliable LST downscaling method. Future tasks include reliable LST downscaling in challenging regions and the application of our model in middle and low spatial resolutions.

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Abstract. Given a bounded regular domain with cylindrical symmetry, functions having such symmetry and belonging to W 1,p can be embedded compactly into some weighted L q spaces, with q superior to the critical Sobolev exponent. A similar result is also obtained for variable exponent Sobolev space W 1,p(x) . Furthermore, we give a simple application to the p(x)-Laplacian problem.

Quantum cryptography allows the establishing o f a highly confidential sequence of random bits between two parties who share no secret information in advance. Its security is guaranteed by the basic laws o f quantum mechanics rather than mathematical difficulty. A n experimental system based on a novel protocol for quantum cryptography using only two nonorthogonal photon polarization states is implemented. The photon sources are two semiconductor laser diodes operated at 680 n m , their light pulses which are heavily attenuated to far below one photon per pulse are employed t o encode the key. Gated single photon detection technique is used t o minimize the dark count effect o f the photon multiplier tube. Key establishing rate of 40 b/s and error rate o f 2.1 % are obtained. Compared with other systems, our system has the simplest experimental setup.