Cerebral malaria (CM) is a serious complication ofPlasmodium falciparum infection that is responsible for a significant number of deaths in children and nonimmune adults. A failure to control blood parasitemia and subsequent sequestration of parasites to brain microvasculature are thought to be key events in many CM cases. Here, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that CD4

Malaria is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality for people living in endemic areas, but unlike many other infections, individuals exposed to the parasite do not rapidly become resistant to subsequent infections. High titers of Ab against the 19-kDa C-terminal fragment of the merozoite surface protein-1 can mediate complete protection in model systems; however, previous studies had not determined whether this vaccine generated long-term protection. In this study, we report that functional memory cells generated by merozoite surface protein-1, per se, do not offer any protection. This is because the parasite induces deletion of vaccine-specific memory B cells as well as long-lived plasma cells including those specific for bystander immune responses. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which Plasmodium ablates immunological memory of vaccines, which would leave the host immuno-compromised.

We synthesized “thermadapt” biomass polymers with shape memory, ultrahigh stretchability or rigidity, remarkable self-healing efficiency, recyclability, and reusable adhesiveness.

Novel soybean-oil-based (SBO-based) epoxy acrylate (EA) resins were developed via ring-opening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with hydroxyethyl methacrylated maleate (HEMAMA) precursor, a synthesized unsaturated carboxylic acid having two active CC groups and a side methyl group. Experimental conditions for the synthesis of the precursor and the SBO-based EA (ESO-HEMAMA) product were studied, and their chemical structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. Subsequently, the volatility of HEMAMA was studied and compared with acrylic acid (AA). Furthermore, gel contents and ultimate properties of the UV-cured ESO-HEMAMA resins were investigated and compared with a commercial acrylated ESO (AESO) resin. At last, UV-curing behaviors of the SBO-based EA resins were determined by real-time IR. It was found that the HEMAMA precursor showed much lower volatility than AA, and the optimal pure ESO-HEMAMA resin possessed a CC functionality up to 6.02 per ESO and biobased content of 65.4%. Meanwhile, the obtained ESO-HEMAMA biomaterials exhibited much superior properties as compared to the AESO resin. For instance, the obtained pure ESO-HEMAMA material possessed a storage modulus at 25 °C of 1.00 GPa, glass transition temperature (T g) of 70.1 °C, and tensile strength and modulus of 13.4 and 592.1 MPa, which were 9.4, 3.6, 6.9, and 15.7 times the values of the pure AESO material, respectively. The resulting biomaterial with 30% of hydroxyethyl methacrylate diluent even reached a tensile strength of 28.4 MPa and T g of 89.0 °C. Therefore, the developed SBO-based EA resins are very promising for applications in UV-curable coatings.