This paper describes an implementation method and the results of numerical mobile phone models representing real phone models that have been released on the Korean market since 2002. The aim is to estimate the electromagnetic absorption in the human brain for casecontrol studies to investigate health risks related to mobile phone use. Specific absorption rate (SAR) compliance test reports about commercial phone models were collected and classified in terms of elements such as the external body shape, the antenna, and the frequency band. The design criteria of a numerical phone model representing each type of phone group are as follows. The outer dimensions of the phone body are equal to the average dimensions of all commercial models with the same shape. The distance and direction of the maximum SAR from the earpiece and the area above -3 dB of the maximum SAR are fitted to achieve the average obtained by measuring the SAR distributions of the corresponding commercial models in a flat phantom. Spatial peak 1-g SAR values in the cheek and tilt positions against the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom agree with average data on all of the same type of commercial models. Second criterion was applied to only a few types of models because not many commercial models were available. The results show that, with the exception of one model, the implemented numerical phone models meet criteria within 30%. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ⓒ

This study has empirically examined the influence of both successful and unsuccessful film tourism destinations on the local residents' perceptions of film tourism impacts. It was contextualized in seven film tourism destinations in South Korea associated with popular Korean films and TV dramas. An impact scale comprising 24 tourism impact items was adopted and modified from previous studies on residents' perceptions of the economic, sociocultural, and environmental impacts of tourism. It was found that the majority of residents perceived the impacts of film tourism positively, particularly for those related to the positive sociocultural life and positive economic impacts (e.g., improvement of community's image, improvement of local residents' quality of life, and additional opportunity for cultural experience). The findings of the article also confirmed that there were statistically significant differences between successful and unsuccessful film tourism destinations, regarding their residents' perceptions towards film tourism impacts. Important practical implications for destination stakeholders and marketers are offered in relation to a better understanding of film tourism phenomena and local residents' perceptions towards their impacts. This will lead to more sustainable film tourism planning and development.

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A compact (8 × 62 × 5 mm3; 2.48 cc) frequency reconfigurable antenna that uses electrical switching with PIN diodes is proposed for the low frequency LTE band (699 MHz–862 MHz), high frequency LTE band (2496 MHz–2690 MHz), GSM850/900 bands (824 MHz–960 MHz), and DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands (1710 MHz–2170 MHz). The penta-band PIFA is first designed for GSM850/900/DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands by using two slits and ground pins within a limited antenna volume (8 × 54.6 × 5 mm3; 2.18 cc). The frequency reconfigurable antenna based on this penta-band PIFA is thus proposed to additionally cover all LTE bands. The proposed antenna has two PIN diodes with an optimal location. For State 1 (PIN diode 1: ON state, PIN diode 2: OFF state), the proposed antenna covers the low frequency LTE band, DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands, and high frequency LTE band. For State 2 (PIN diode 1: OFF state, PIN diode 2: ON state), the antenna covers the GSM850/900 bands. Simulated and measured results show that the total efficiency of the proposed antenna was greater than 40% for all operating frequency bands.

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