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Affected by high ground stress, the surrounding rock control of a roadway is one of the most important factors restricting the utilization of deep resources. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method to improve the stress environment of the deep-buried roadway and reduce its deformation. The article focuses on the 121,302 machine roadway in Kouzidong coal mine to analyze the large deformations of roadways near goafs (RNGs) in deep coal mines and reveal the mechanisms related to pressure relief via roof cutting. Through physical simulation, overburdened structures and the migration laws of RNGs in deep coal mines are studied, and the overburdened RNGs will eventually have a double short-arm “F”-type suspended roof structure. The superposition movement of the structure is the prime cause for the large deformation of the RNGs considered here. Artificial roof cutting can weaken the superposition effect of the double “F” structure and induce the roof to produce a new fracture. Meanwhile, sliding deformation along the fault line releases greater stress, and the cut roof can better fill the goaf. The stress distribution ratio between goafs and the coal pillar is improved. Here, a mechanical model of key block B’ (KBB’) is considered and the stability criterion of KBB’ is obtained. According to the theoretical calculation here, the stress of a coal pillar could be reduced by 19.14% when KBB’ is cut along the edge of the coal pillar in the 121,302 machine roadway. After engineering verification, the field observation result shows that the deformation of the 121,302 machine roadway is reduced by more than 50% after roof cutting.