High energy/power density, capacitance, and long-life cycles are urgently demanded for energy storage electrodes. Porous carbons as benchmark commercial electrode materials are underscored by their (electro)chemical stability and wide accessibility, yet are often constrained by moderate performances associated with their powdery status. Here via controlled vacuum pyrolysis of a poly(ionic liquid) membrane template, advantageous features including good conductivity (132 S cm −1 at 298 K), interconnected hierarchical pores, large specific surface area (1501 m 2 g −1 ), and heteroatom doping are realized in a single carbon membrane electrode. The structure synergy at multiple length scales enables large areal capacitances both for a basic aqueous electrolyte (3.1 F cm −2 ) and for a symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor (1.0 F cm −2 ), together with superior energy densities (1.72 and 0.14 mW h cm −2 , respectively) without employing a current collector. In addition, theoretical calculations verify a synergistic heteroatom co-doping effect beneficial to the supercapacitive performance. This membrane electrode is scalable and compatible for device fabrication, highlighting the great promise of a poly(ionic liquid) for designing graphitic nanoporous carbon membranes in advanced energy storage.

A novel CdS/TiO 2 nanorods/TiO 2 nanotube array (CdS/TNRs/TNT) photocatalyst was prepared. The selforganized highly oriented TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) were first synthesized by anodizing Ti sheets. The "flower-like" rutile TiO 2 nanorods (TNRs) were then grafted on the TNTs by a hydrothermal method.Subsequently, the CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs) were deposited on the surface of the resulting TNRs/ TNTs using a sequential-chemical bath deposition (S-CBD) method. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicated that the CdS/TNRs/TNTs sample showed significantly enhanced absorption in the range from 350 to 700 nm. The photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production activities of all samples were evaluated by using Na 2 S and Na 2 SO 3 as sacrificial reagents in water under a 300 W Xe lamp with a UV-light filter (l > 420 nm). The results showed that CdS/TNRs/TNTs prepared by hydrothermal reactions for 4 h and S-CBD 15 cycles showed a hydrogen production rate approximately 14 times that of the TNTs. When compared to CdS/TNTs, CdS/TNRs/TNTs showed a 2.3 fold increase in hydrogen production, which can be attributed to the enlarged effective deposition area for CdS QDs by depositing "flower-like" rutile TiO 2 nanorods on the TNTs. In addition, CdS/TNRs/TNTs exhibited excellent hydrogen production stability using Na 2 S and Na 2 SO 3 as sacrificial reagents.

A heterogeneous Fenton-like process using an Fe–TiO2 NTA photocatalyst in the presence of H2O2 was investigated and an obvious synergistic effect was achieved.