In this study, a fast, concise and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UHPLC/FLD) detection method for simultaneous quantification of avermectins (AVMs), including avermectin (AVM), ivermectin (IVM), emamectin (EMM), moxidectin (MOX) and doramectin (DOR) in six aquatic foods was established. Based on the QuEChERS pretreatment method, the samples were extracted with 0.2% (v/v) ammonia acetonitrile. N-methyl imidazole mixed with acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) and trifluoroacetic anhydride with acetonitrile (1:2, v/v) were used as derivatization reagents. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile and water with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. An Infinity Lab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column was used for optimum chromatographic separation of target analytes at 40 °C; the excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 365 nm and 465 nm, respectively. In six kinds of aquatic foods, the limits of detection (LODs) of AVM, IVM, EMM, MOX, and DOR were 2.7 μg/kg, 1.8 μg/kg, 2.1 μg/kg, 1.2 μg/kg, and 2.7 μg/kg, respectively, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of AVM, IVM, EMM, MOX, and DOR were 5 μg/kg, 4.5 μg/kg, 4.5 μg/kg, 3.5 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were all above 85.38% when the samples were spiked with the target compounds at the concentration level of 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 15%. This method considers the requirements of sensitivity, accuracy, and economics of the instrument.
