No abstract

A well designed and accurate method of control of different shell thickness and electronic transmission in a Z-scheme core@shell system is conducive to obtaining an optimum photocatalytic performance. Herein, the Z-scheme heterojunction of egg-like core@shell CdS@TiO2photocatalysts with controlled shell thickness (13 nm, 15 nm, 17 nm, 22 nm) were synthesized by a facile reflux method, and the CdS@TiO2 structure was proved by a series of characterizations. The photodegradation ratio on methylene blue and tetracycline hydrochloride over the 0.10CdS@TiO2 composites with TiO2 shell thickness of 17 nm reached 90% in 250 min and 91% in 5 min, respectively, which was almost 9.8 times and 2.6 times than that of TiO2 and CdS on rhodamine B respectively under visible light. Besides, the higher total organic carbon removal ratio indicated that most of the pollutants were degraded to CO2 and H2O. The Z-scheme electronic transfer pathway was studied through radical species trapping experiments and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, the relationship between shell thickness and photocatalytic activity demonstrated that different shell thickness affects the separation of the electron and holes, and therefore affected the photocatalytic performance. In addition, the effects of pollutants concentration, pH, and inorganic anions on photocatalytic performance were also investigated. This work can provide a novel idea for a well designed Z-scheme heterojunction of core@shell photocatalysts, and the study of photocatalytic performance under different factors has guiding significance for the treatment of actual wastewater.

In this work, macadamia nut shell-based activated carbon (MNSAC) was prepared using macadamia nut shells (MNS) through KOH activation under microwave radiation.