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Studies on a one-pot synthesis of novel multisubstituted 1-alkoxyindoles 1 and their mechanistic investigations are presented. The synthesis of 1 was successfully achieved through consecutive four step reactions from substrates 2. The substrates 2, prepared through a two-step synthetic sequence, underwent three consecutive reactions of nitro reduction, intramolecular condensation, and nucleophilic 1,5-addition to provide the intermediates, 1-hydroxyindoles 8, which then were alkylated in situ with alkyl halide to afford the novel target products 1. We optimized the reaction conditions for 1 focusing on the alkylation step, along with the consideration of formation of intermediates 8. The optimized condition was SnCl2·2H2O (3.3 eq) and alcohols (R1OH, 2.0 eq) for 1–2 h at 40 °C and then, base (10 eq) and alkyl halides (R2Y, 2.0 eq) for 1–4 h at 25–50 °C. Notably, all four step reactions were performed in one-pot to give 1 in good to modest yields. Furthermore, the mechanistic aspects were also discussed regarding the reaction pathways and the formation of side products. The significance lies in development of efficient one-pot reactions and in generation of new 1-alkoxyindoles.

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The studies on the selective synthesis of dialkyl selenide compounds 1 were presented. Overcoming the complexity and difficulty of selenides (R-Se-R) and/or multiselenides (R-Sen-R; n ≥ 2), we aimed to optimize the reaction condition for the tolerable preparation of sodium selenide (Na2Se) by reducing Se with NaBH4, and then to achieve selective syntheses of dialkyl selenides 1 by subsequently treating the obtained sodium selenide with alkyl halides (RX). Consequently, various dialkyl selenides 1 were efficiently synthesized in good-to-moderate yields. The investigations on reaction pathways and solvent studies were also described.

Emotional labor often takes the form of displaying fake or genuine feelings toward customers, showing interest in customer needs, and engaging in employee-customer emotional interactions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the emotional labor states adopted and practiced by frontline employees in the hospitality industry. We analyzed significant differences of emotional labor among Generation X and Y, and socio-demographic characteristics of frontline employees. The influence of emotional labor states on frontline employees' intention to stay is also examined. The emotional labor states applied here were surface acting, deep acting, genuine acting and emotive dissonance. A quantitative approach was adopted, and data were collected from three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Hong Kong. The study found that Generation X respondents adopted genuine acting and emotional dissonance more often, while Generation Y respondents used surface acting and deep acting more frequently. The findings suggest that although surface acting has a significant effect on employees' intention to stay, genuine acting and sincere feelings toward one's job have a stronger effect.