Image stitching aims at stitching the images taken from different viewpoints into an image with a wider field of view. Existing methods warp the target image to the reference image using the estimated warp function, and a homography is one of the most commonly used warping functions. However, when images have large parallax due to non-planar scenes and translational motion of a camera, the homography cannot fully describe the mapping between two images. Existing approaches based on global or local homography estimation are not free from this problem and suffer from undesired artifacts due to parallax. In this paper, instead of relying on the homography-based warp, we propose a novel deep image stitching framework exploiting the pixelwise warp field to handle the large-parallax problem. The proposed deep image stitching framework consists of two modules: Pixel-wise Warping Module (PWM) and Stitched Image Generating Module (SIGMo). PWM employs an optical flow estimation model to obtain pixel-wise warp of the whole image, and relocates the pixels of the target image with the obtained warp field. SIGMo blends the warped target image and the reference image while eliminating unwanted artifacts such as misalignments, seams, and holes that harm the plausibility of the stitched result. For training and evaluating the proposed framework, we build a largescale dataset that includes image pairs with corresponding pixel-wise ground truth warp and sample stitched result images. We show that the results of the proposed framework are qualitatively superior to those of the conventional methods, especially when the images have large parallax. The code and the proposed dataset will be publicly available soon.

In testing a special anode pretreatment technique to improve the lifetime of fluorescent blue devices, we found that the characteristics of two different blue devices with similar device lifetimes appeared to be significantly different after pretreatment. One device experienced a slight rise in drive voltage after pretreatment, but an increase in efficiency and lifetime, while a dramatic decrease in both. Accompanied by device measurement and analysis, it was found that the cause of lifetime degradation was the formation of a hole injection barrier, which resulted in the reduction of charge accumulation and recombination in the emitting layer. Therefore, it was confirmed that the increase of p-type doping concentration can overcome the lifetime degradation phenomenon by increasing the hole and also increase the lifetime by lowering the barrier by additional mild plasma treatment of anode.

Existing image stitching approaches based on global or local homography estimation are not free from the parallax problem and suffer from undesired artifacts. In this paper, instead of relying on the homography-based warp, we propose a novel deep image stitching framework exploiting the pixel-wise warp field to handle the large-parallax problem. The proposed deep image stitching framework consists of a Pixel-wise Warping Module (PWM) and a Stitched Image Generating Module (SIGMo). For PWM, we obtain pixel-wise warp in a similar manner as estimating an optical flow (OF). In the stitching scenario, the input images usually include non-overlap (NOV) regions of which warp cannot be directly estimated, unlike the overlap (OV) regions. To help the PWM predict a reasonable warp on the NOV region, we impose two geometrical constraints: an epipolar loss and a line-preservation loss. With the obtained warp field, we relocate the pixels of the target image using forward warping. Finally, the SIGMo is trained by the proposed multi-branch training framework to generate a stitched image from a reference image and a warped target image. For training and evaluating the proposed framework, we build and publish a novel dataset including image pairs with corresponding pixel-wise ground truth warp and stitched result images. We show that the results of the proposed framework are quantitatively and qualitatively superior to those of the conventional methods.