The parental origin of the missing short arm of the X chromosome has an impact on overweight, kidney, eye, and lipids, which suggests a potential effect of an as-yet-undetermined X chromosome gene imprinting.
OBJECTIVE -To investigate the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in young patients (probands) with type 1 diabetes and their first-degree relatives, and to determine the spectrum of extrapancreatic manifestations in these subjects.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-The study population included 109 probands age 13 Ϯ 4.9 years and 412 first-degree relatives age 28.7 Ϯ 16.2 years. The prevalence rates of autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease were determined in all probands and in 100 of the 412 first-degree relatives. Control groups included 78 subjects age 14.9 Ϯ 10.4 years for the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and 120,000 youth ages 16 -17 years for the prevalence of celiac disease. Thyroiditis and celiac disease were diagnosed by abnormally high thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (TG), antigliadin, and antiendomysial antibody titers. Celiac was confirmed by biopsy. A questionnaire was used to interview probands and relatives to determine the spectrum of autoimmune manifestations.RESULTS -The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis determined by high TPO and/or TG titers was 27 and 25% for probands and relatives, respectively. These rates were higher than those for control subjects (P Ͻ 000.1). The prevalence of celiac disease among probands and screened relatives was 8.3 and 6%, respectively. These rates were higher than those for control subjects and the 312 family members interviewed only (0.1 and 0.3%, respectively; P Ͻ 0.0001). Interviews of participants revealed a wide range of associated autoimmune diseases. The risk of developing an autoimmune disease was higher (P Ͻ 0.001) in families with a proband who had an additional autoimmune manifestation.CONCLUSIONS -Screening for autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease should be performed in patients with type 1 diabetes and their first-degree relatives, especially when the probands have an additional autoimmune manifestation.
A variety of surgical procedures are performed for treatment of hypertrophic inferior turbinates, but there is no completely effective therapy. We evaluated subjectively and objectively 52 patients who underwent one of two procedures: partial inferior turbinectomy (PIT) or cryosurgery of the inferior turbinates (CS). The results of PIT showed good functional results in 77 per cent of cases for long-term effectiveness. The results of CS showed that effectiveness was reduced from a 62 per cent success rate after one year to 35 per cent later, but CS was a simple procedure which was performed on an outpatient basis with no postoperative morbidity.
This study is a prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial whose aim was to investigate the clinical effects of aromatic essential oils in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. The trial was conducted in six primary care clinics in northern Israel. A spray containing aromatic essential oils of five plants (Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, Origanum syriacum, and Rosmarinus officinalis) as applied 5 times a day for 3 days and compared with a placebo spray. The main outcome measure was patient assessment of the change in severity of the most debilitating symptom (sore throat, hoarseness or cough). Sixty patients participated in the study (26 in the study group and 34 in the control group). Intention-to-treat analysis showed that 20 minutes following the spray use, participants in the study group reported a greater improvement in symptom severity compared to participants in the placebo group (P = .019). There was no difference in symptom severity between the two groups after 3 days of treatment (P = .042). In conclusion, spray application of five aromatic plants reported in this study brings about significant and immediate improvement in symptoms of upper respiratory ailment. This effect is not significant after 3 days of treatment.
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