Background To investigate the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and macular vessel density (VD) after correction for magnification error in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods Participants comprised 15 patients with unilateral amblyopia due to anisometropia with or without strabismus (mean age, 9.8 ± 3.4 years; range, 6–17 years). OCTA images were obtained by using spectral-domain OCT with angiography software. The OCTA scanning protocol used was 3 × 3-mm volume scan centered on the fovea. OCTA images were corrected for magnification errors using individual axial length (AL), and an adjusted 2.3 × 2.3-mm square was derived as a region of interest. The FAZ area and VD in both superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) layers, foveal minimum thickness (FMT) were assessed using built-in OCTA software and ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD). Results LogMAR in the amblyopic eyes was significantly poorer than that of the fellow eye ( p < 0.001). AL was significantly shorter in the amblyopic eye than in the fellow eye ( p < 0.001). FAZ area of SCP in amblyopic eyes was significantly smaller than that of fellow eyes ( p < 0.001). No significant differences were seen in FAZ area of DCP, VD of SCP, VD of DCP, and FMT between amblyopic and fellow eyes ( p = 0.07, 0.43, 0.55, and 0.25, respectively). Conclusions Our present study after magnification error correction found smaller FAZ area of SCP in the amblyopic eye compared with the fellow eyes, but there was no significant difference in the macular VD between the amblyopic and fellow eyes.

PurposeTo report a sectoral analysis of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thinning and its association with visual field loss using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with homonymous hemianopia following acquired post-geniculate visual pathway damage.Patients and methodsSeven patients with homonymous hemianopia due to unilateral acquired post-geniculate visual pathway lesions were studied. The average duration from the onset of brain lesions to the initial visit was 49.8 months. Forty-nine normal control subjects without visual field defects, as confirmed using a Humphrey visual field analyzer, were also enrolled. Measurement of the cpRNFL thickness was performed at the initial visit and 24 months using SD-OCT (RTVue-100® OCT). The cpRNFL thickness was divided into eight sectors (superior temporal: ST, temporal upper: TU, temporal lower: TI, inferior temporal: IT, inferior nasal: IN, nasal lower: NL, nasal upper: NU, superior nasal: SN). The eye on the same side as the occipital lobe lesions was defined as the ipsilateral eye, and the eye on the opposite side was defined as the contralateral eye.ResultsThe average cpRNFL thickness in the homonymous hemianopic eyes was significantly reduced as compared with that seen in the normal controls, except for the ipsilateral eyes at the initial visit. Four of the eight sectors of the cpRNFL thickness in the homonymous hemianopic eyes were significantly reduced compared with that noted in the normal controls. In the ipsilateral eyes, the cpRNFL thickness in the ST, TU, TL, and IT sectors was significantly reduced at both the initial visit and 24 months. In the contralateral eyes, the cpRNFL thickness in the TU, TL, IT, and SN sectors was significantly reduced at both the initial visit and 24 months. The reduction of the quadrantic cpRNFL thickness significantly correlated with some of the visual field parameters, in accordance with the structure–function relationship. In the contralateral eyes, the T and I quadrant cpRNFL thickness correlated with the mean deviation and hemianopic field total deviation at 24 months. In the ipsilateral eyes, the S, T, and I quadrant cpRNFL thickness correlated with mean deviation. However, there were no correlations between the cpRNFL thickness and visual field parameters at the initial visit.ConclusionsA reduction of the cpRNFL thickness corresponding to the hemianopic visual field loss due to acquired post-geniculate visual pathway lesions was detected using SD-OCT, and the change was more evident at 24 months than at the initial visit. The latter finding suggests that this change is, at least partially, caused by transsynaptic retrograde degeneration.

This study demonstrates the inhibitory effects of AT III on leukocyte and platelet recruitment to the postischemic retina, which may account for the neuroprotective properties of this alpha-2 globulin against retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Purpose. To report a reduction in macular ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) thickness and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with homonymous hemianopia due to posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke. Methods. Seven patients with PCA stroke were examined using Cirrus high-definition-OCT. The GCL+IPL thicknesses were divided into the hemianopic and unaffected sides. The relationship between the time after stroke and the GCL+IPL thicknesses in the hemianopic side was evaluated. Results. The average thicknesses of the GCL+IPL were 64.6 and 82.0 μm on the hemianopic and unaffected sides, respectively, and the measurement was significantly thinner on the former side (p = 0.018). A regression analysis revealed a negative linear relationship (R 2 = 0.574, p = 0.049) between the time after stoke and the GCL+IPL thicknesses on the hemianopic side. The supratemporal and inferotemporal cpRNFL thicknesses in the eyes ipsilateral to the stroke showed a significant reduction. Conclusion. Our findings confirmed our previous observations that the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells can occur after PCA stroke. GCL+IPL thinning was demonstrated in the hemiretinae corresponding to the affected hemifields. Also, it is suggested that the retinal changes observed are progressive.

Continuous LTA demonstrated clusters of lobules fed by a common arteriole, and each cluster was found to be functionally independent. There were regional differences in choriocapillaris flow patterns, which suggests that the choriocapillaris provides a more highly efficient system of outflow in posterior regions than in peripheral regions. This modified LTA method appears to be useful in analyzing choroidal circulation in vivo.