Nowadays, it is a really important issue to improve the supply quality of city public bus transportation in many cases. Meanwhile, the different participants of transport systems have different ideas on the ways of improvement, for this reason the taken measures can be inefficient and expensive. The operational costs are steadily increasing (e.g. price of fuel, wages, etc.) therefore the decision makers do not really have the opportunity to lower the price of tickets. For solving the above mentioned problems, before creating a plan of improving a certain public system, a clear image should have been gained on the preferences of passengers, company managers and governmental decision makers. In the current paper a general three-level-hierarchical model has been set up to analyze dynamically the public bus transport system of a city. The price is excluded, only the elements of supply quality are assessed in the hierarchy. Based on the model, questionnaires were created and for the analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine preference weights of evaluators from different evaluator groups. Passengers, company managers and governmental officers evaluated exactly the same type of questionnaires so the results are comparable. Avoiding the difficulties of other AHP applications, we used a simplified Saaty-scale for scoring so that the missing data of the matrices could be calculated by an algorithm as well. This study revealed a priority ranking of the elements of supply quality within each level, and this ranking is comparable among the participants of public bus system. This may help the policy makers to synthesize various aspects of public transportation.

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In order to gain an overall view on all relevant connections of the elements in a public transportation system, a systematic approach is advisable to follow, which applies well-proven methodology. In case a structure contains both hierarchical and non-hierarchical connections, the formerly recommended methodologies are: ISM-AHP, ISM-ANP, ANP. This paper however proposes a different approach: AHP-ISM, which aims to keep the AHP hierarchy, but simultaneously to amend that with the non-hierarchical types of linkages within the structure. By that, those connections that were verified in the AHP procedure can be considered dominant, but also weaker linkages might provide important additional information about the whole structure. The additional ISM procedure is suitable for two purposes: the most influential elements of the AHP structure can be selected, moreover also direct and indirect impacts of element improvement might be followed in the structure by considering both types of connections within the system, using the directed graph of ISM. The introduced AHP-ISM model is applicable for analyzing public transportation systems -as shown in the paper -but also generally applicable for any AHP applications, which are not strictly but dominantly hierarchically structured.

The dynamic behavior of small shrimp-like creature is analyzed by a digital high speed video camera system. Test small aquatic creature is opossum shrimp, Archaeomysis kokuboi Ii. Some movement models of opossum shrimps are observed. The details of the motion of swimming legs and flow fields are revealed experimentally. Flow visualization around tethered opossum shrimp is also performed by slow shutter photographic technique.

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