AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI) for hospital nurses in Japan.DesignA cross‐sectional mail survey.MethodsParticipants in this study were 1,219 full‐time ward nurses from 27 hospitals in Japan, using 31 items of the Japanese version of the PES‐NWI questionnaire, from December 2008‐March 2009. Construct validity, criterion‐related validity and internal consistency of the PES‐NWI were tested.ResultsThe PES‐NWI showed reliable internal consistency. The five‐factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The PES‐NWI correlated significantly with job satisfaction, burnout and the nurses’ intention to stay on the job, supporting criterion‐related validity.

AimLittle is known about whether and how local-level resources regarding home care are associated with the prevalence of home deaths. We aimed to investigate whether geographic patterns of the resources for home care were associated with the prevalence of home deaths, taking spatial variation into consideration.MethodsWe conducted an ecological cross-sectional study in Japan using nationwide data in 2014. The areal unit was the municipality, the smallest administrative unit in Japan. We investigated the association between the percentage of home deaths and the resources of home care support clinics with available 24-hour-a-day functions, considering the geographic effect of neighboring municipalities by applying a geographically weighted regression model.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of the percentages of home deaths were 11.4% (5.0%), and those of the number of home care support clinics per 10,000 elderly population were 3.4 (3.7). The percentages of home deaths in neighboring municipalities tended to be significantly correlated (Moran’s I 0.34, p<0.001). Adjusting for the number of hospital beds, total population, and the socio-economic status of municipality, the results of an ordinary least squares regression model showed a positive correlation between the percentage of home deaths and the local resources for home care support clinics per 10,000 elderly population (regression coefficient 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.07, 0.22), while the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the residual was suggested (Moran’s I of the residual 0.227, p<0.001). The geographically weighted regression model showed local regression coefficients varying across municipalities with a better model fit over the analogous ordinary least squares model (adjusted R2 0.414 vs. 0.131).ConclusionHome deaths were more prevalent in municipalities with greater home care resources. This association was geographically varied and further strengthened in some areas.

Aim To clarify the concept of psychological safety in a healthcare context and to provide the first theoretical framework for improving interpersonal relationships in the workplace to better patient care. Design A Rodgers’ concept analysis. Methods The concept analysis was conducted using a systematic search strategy on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Ichushi‐Web. Results An analysis of 88 articles studying psychological safety in health care identified five attributes: perceptions of the consequences of taking interpersonal risks, strong interpersonal relationships, group‐level phenomenon, safe work environment for taking interpersonal risks and non‐punitive culture. The antecedents included structure/system factors, interpersonal factors and individual factors. The four consequences included performance outcomes, organizational culture outcomes, and psychological and behavioural outcomes.

Aim To identify the effects of authentic leadership, structural empowerment and forms of communication as antecedent factors of workplace social capital in nursing. Background Enhancing workplace social capital for nurses by management requires identifying antecedent factors of workplace social capital focusing on work environment and relationships between members. Methods In 2019, self‐administered questionnaires were sent to all nurses working on the general wards of two university hospitals in Japan. A multilevel analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships between perceived workplace social capital—the dependent variable—and authentic leadership, structural empowerment and forms of communication—the individual‐ and ward‐level independent variables. Results Data from 463 nurses and 28 nurse managers were analysed (valid response rates = 38.0% and 58.3%, respectively). Their average age was 28.64 years (standard deviation: 7.00), and 93.5% were female. Ward‐level authentic leadership and semi‐formal communication were found to be significantly related to workplace social capital. Conclusion More authentic leadership and communication to promote mutual understanding between members can foster workplace social capital among hospital nurses. These findings can help inform effective workplace training in hospitals. Implications for Nursing Management Workplace social capital can be produced by improved management, environment and communication opportunities.