BackgroundAlthough obesity is a well-studied risk factor for diabetes, there remains an interest in whether “increasing body mass index (BMI),” “high BMI per se,” or both are the actual risk factors for diabetes. The present study aimed to retrospectively compare BMI trajectories of individuals with and without diabetes in a case–control design and to assess whether increasing BMI alone would be a risk factor.MethodsUsing comprehensive health check-up data measured over ten years, we conducted a case–control study and graphically drew the trajectories of BMIs among diabetic patients and healthy subjects, based on coefficients in fitted linear mixed-effects models. Patient group was matched with healthy control group at the onset of diabetes with an optimal matching method in a 1:10 ratio. Simple fixed-effects models assessed the differences in increasing BMIs over 10 years between patient and control groups.ResultsAt the time of matching, the mean ages in male patients and controls were 59.3 years [standard deviation (SD) = 9.2] and 57.7 years (SD = 11.2), whereas the mean BMIs were 25.0 kg/m2 (SD = 3.1) and 25.2 kg/m2 (SD = 2.9), respectively. In female patients and controls, the mean ages were 61.4 years (SD = 7.9) and 60.1 years (SD = 9.6), whereas the mean BMIs were 24.8 kg/m2 (SD = 3.5) and 24.9 kg/m2 (SD = 3.4), respectively. The simple fixed-effects models detected no statistical significance for the differences of increasing BMIs between patient and control groups in males (P = 0.19) and females (P = 0.67). Sudden increases in BMI were observed in both male and female patients when compared with BMIs 1 year prior to diabetes onset.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that the pace of increasing BMIs is similar between Japanese diabetic patients and healthy individuals. The increasing BMI was not detected to independently affect the onset of type 2 diabetes.

In recent years, the use of various systems to manage condition data has been promoted. Being able to check the condition data of athletes can greatly contribute to the improvement of athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to report conditioning data and training results of athletes using a conditioning management system, and also to examine and report on the usefulness and challenges of using the conditioning management system. As a result, some issues were found in the input rate of the items to be entered by the players. On the other hand, all the support staff were able to check the condition of the players, and the usefulness of this tool was confirmed by the fact that the information could be shared among the support staff. In the future, we would like to use this tool over the medium to long term to accumulate various data and use it as an indicator to maintain and improve our condition throughout the year.

Background: This study examines the effect of the supplements on the redox reaction in menstrual cycle. Participants took eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich fish oil supplements over two menstrual cycles. Materials and Methods: For this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 21 female members of a university basketball team were selected. Participants were allocated into the EPA/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) group (EG, n = 11) and control group (CG, n = 10) through stratified randomization. The EG and CG took 3600 mg fish oil (containing 900 mg EPA and 403 mg DHA) and 3600 mg corn oil (without EPA and DHA), respectively, every day for two menstrual cycles. The redox reaction was measured four times: the menstrual and follicular phases in two menstrual cycles. Results: There was a significant difference in reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and potential antioxidant capacity during the menstrual phase by the main effect of time (before and after intake) in EG and CG ( p < 0.01). In a subsequent test, d-ROMs were significantly lower after intake in EG and CG ( p < 0.05); however, no significant difference in potential antioxidant capacity was found. A significant difference was noted in d-ROMs and potential antioxidant capacity during the follicular phase by the effect of time (before and after intake) only in EG ( p < 0.01). Significant decreases in d-ROMs and increases in potential antioxidant capacities were observed after intake ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: EPA-rich fish oil supplementation over two menstrual cycles demonstrated active involvement in the antioxidant function during menstrual and follicular phases. The protocol was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (registration no. UMIN000028795).