This paper describes how new learning methods may make it possible for a large‐scale, hierarchical neural network to recognize most Japanese handwritten characters. This is a very large and complex task, as the Japanese character set consists of about 3000 categories which can be written in many different ways. Such a difficult task can lead a neural network to converge very slowly and to yield recognition rates that are uneven between categories. To address these problems we here propose five learning methods as modifications of the conventional back‐propagation learning rule. These methods produce fast convergence, even recognition rates over all categories, and adequate recognition of test samples. We also describe how a large‐scale neural network can be built by dividing the recognition task into several subtasks, with networks for each subtask, and then integrating these subnetworks in a large network with a hierarchical structure. In a hierarchical network, the upper level network directly integrates outputs from each lower level network. Application of that network to handwritten Japanese character recognition has resulted in poor recognition, because lower level networks do not know about unknown input patterns, and the direct integration of ambiguous outputs from many lower level networks confuses the upper level network. We propose a new integration method which provides each subnetwork with more information as to how close an input pattern is to the categories of that subnetwork. This method resulted in high recognition performance for character recognition. We here described the above methods, and report the performance of our implementation of a neural network for the recognition of 71 Hiragana characters, and describe our implementation of this network on a hypercube concurrent computer.

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We developed a high ・ speed vision robot system ． that can be applied to various types of produpts ． Th6 develbped system consists of a robot with cameras and lights ， and a computer fbr teaching 翕nd image processing ． In the system many p ' oillts on any faces of the product can be ingpected ． Without stopping with ． the help of the developed I℃ bot path planning and the synchmnous method between robot path and image input． Moreover ， we developed standard inspection algorithm and unified enVironment for rebot and vision teaching ． Theref｛〕re the teaching operat め n can be done without programming ． This ， system is currently in use i皿 our plants so that it can be hglpful 美 n ． keeping high quahty ofproducts ・

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