To our knowledge, this is the first case report of delayed onset of cerebral infarction caused by an embolism after CPS fixation. When a CPS perforates the transverse foramen, even if no apparent VA injury occurs during the operation, the surgeon must take care not to risk cerebral infarction because of an embolism.

Recently, technology using microbubbles has been studied for water purification. However, the mechanism and physical parameters of the purification process have not yet been sufficiently clarified. The purpose of this study is to clarify the physical parameters of microbubbles that influence water purification. Firstly, we measured and analyzed the purifying performance using various millimeter-sized bubbles, and we obtained the equilibrium constant of the pollutant adsorbed on the bubble surface from the experimental results. Secondly, we experimented with purifying the polluted water using microbubbles and clarified that the purification performance of microbubbles agreed with that theoretically expected using the equilibrium constant obtained in the preparatory experiment. We assume that an important parameter affecting adsorption on the surface of microbubbles is the equilibrium constant in the chemical potential. Because the equilibrium constant is derived from the surface chemical potential, it is equal to the bulk chemical potential of the liquid. In the microbubbles diameter (70 mm) range in this study, we have found that the most significant factor determining the adsorption is the surface area. The surface tension of microbubbles is not significant factor.

A fabrication method for double-microlens arrays with self-alignment technology (SAT) is proposed. To satisfy the tolerance of the alignment of a two-layer-lens array, we developed a new fabrication method without an alignment process. Using SAT, we achieved a brightness increase of 30% compared with the conventional single-layer microlens array.

The near edge structure of the electron energy loss spectra (ELNES) of copper and gold clusters containing up to 923 atoms are theoretically studied with the multiple scattering approach in the framework of density functional theory. Calculations are performed both in the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) and in the full potential (FP) framework and their results compared. The effects of structure relaxation of the clusters on the ELNES are assessed. Finally an example of the ELNES of a Cu-Ag core shell nanocrystal is given.

No abstract