The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the robustness of the government failure theory. A core feature of the government failure theory is demand heterogeneity. Previous studies have brought into question the robustness of the government failure theory, due to inconsistent results concerning the explanatory power of demand heterogeneity. Therefore, in this paper we revisit this important research agenda using US state level panel data. We find the two-way fixed effects model a suitable model for testing the government failure theory's robustness and present findings which indicate that observable demand heterogeneity has a positive effect on the size of the nonprofit sector. This paper also empirically examines the relevance of the complementary financing hypothesis in terms of the cooperative nature of the governmental and nonprofit sector relationship; that is where governments delegate the production of quasi-public goods to the nonprofit sector.
This article is an empirical examination of the government failure theory using a cross-country data set. The government failure theory is represented in the major existing literature as providing a sound explanatory basis for an interesting characteristic of the nonprofit sector, that is, there is a large variability in nonprofit sector size from one place to another. Salamon et al. (Social origins of civil society: An overview, Working Papers of the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, 2000) examined this theory using the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project (CNP) data set, and consequently rejected the government failure theory. However, by applying the panel analysis approach to the CNP data set, this article shows that the government failure theory should not have been so easily rejected.Keywords The size of the nonprofit sector Á The government failure theory Á Demand heterogeneity Á A fixed effects model Á A pooling model Résumé Cette étude est un examen empirique de la théorie de la défaillance des É tats réalisé à l'aide d'un ensemble de données transnationales. La théorie de la défaillance des É tats est représentée dans les principales publications actuellement disponibles comme fournissant une base sérieuse pour expliquer l'une des Y. Matsunaga (
This paper empirically examines how and what facets of social capital relate to one's subjective well-being in Japan by using data from the Japan General Survey 2010. It further scrutinises whether the relationship between well-being and volunteering changes throughout one's life course. The result reveals that social capital overall positively correlates with subjective well-being. It further suggests that trust and volunteering have a positive relation to one's subjective well-being, whereas membership did not. It also became apparent that volunteering is associated with one's subjective well-being differently depending on one's life stage measured by age category such that volunteers in their 1950s are less happy than volunteers in their 1960s. The results of analysis therefore suggest that the relationship between volunteering and well-being is not straightforward, and that this issue requires even further investigation.Résumé Cet article empirique étudie les aspects du capital social liés au bien-être subjectif de la population au Japon, et comment, en utilisant des données de l'enquête générale du Japon de 2010. Il examine également si le lien entre le bien-être et le bénévolat est modifié au cours de la vie. Les résultats révèlent qu'il existe en général une corrélation positive entre le capital social et le bien-être subjectif. Ils suggèrent, en outre, que la confiance et le bénévolat ont un lien positif avec le bienêtre subjectif, alors que le fait d'être membre n'en a pas. Il ressort également que le volontariat est associé au bien-être subjectif différemment en fonction du stade de la vie mesurée par catégorie d'âge, si bien que les bénévoles âgés de la cinquantaine sont moins heureux que les bénévoles dans la soixantaine. Les résultats de l'analyse & Midori Matsushima suggèrent donc que la relation entre le bénévolat et le bien-être n'est pas simple et que cette question nécessite d'autres recherches.Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird anhand von Daten aus der 2010 in Japan durchgeführten allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfrage eine empirische Untersuchung vorgenommen, um zu sehen, wie und welche Facetten des sozialen Kapitals in Verbindung mit dem subjektiven Wohlbefinden von Menschen in Japan stehen. Darüber hinaus wird geprüft, ob sich die Beziehung zwischen dem Wohlbefinden und einer ehrenamtlichen Tätigkeit im Verlauf des Lebens ändert. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass das soziale Kapital insgesamt in einer positiven Wechselbeziehung zum subjektiven Wohlbefinden steht. Es weist ferner darauf hin, dass Vertrauen und eine ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit in einem positiven Verhältnis zum subjektiven Wohlbefinden einer Person stehen, während eine Mitgliedschaft dies nicht tat. Es war zudem zu erkennen, dass sich eine ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit je nach Lebensabschnitt in Abhängigkeit vom Alter unterschiedlich auf das subjektive Wohlbefinden einer Person auswirkt, nämlich dass Ehrenamtliche, die um die fünfzig Jahre alt sind, nicht so glücklich sind wie Ehrenamtliche um die sechzig Jahre. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse lassen som...
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